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42
İndirme
6
Memlükler dönemi ilim adamları tarafından sultan ve devlet ricalinin destekleri ve teşvikleri ile çok yönlü zengin bir edebiyat meydana getirilmiştir. Bunda vakfiyeler aracılığıyla inşa edilen dört mezhebe ait medreselerin faaliyetlerinin de olumlu etkisi olmuştur. Şafiiler başta olmak üzere bu medreselerde Hanefî, Maliki ve Hanbeli mezhebine mensup müderrisler ve kadılar yetişmiştir. Bu atmosferde yetişen âlimler İslami ilimlerin her alanında kendini ifade etme imkânı bulmuş; özgün ve derinlikli eserler ortaya koymuşlardır. Eserlerin başında tarih, teracim ve tabakat türü eserler gelmiştir. Hemen her mezhepte kurucusundan kendi dönemine kadar etkin liderlerin biyografisinin yapıldığı tabakat, teracim ve vefeyât türü eserler yazılmıştır. Bununla beraber muasır kişilerin kaleme alındığı eserler de kaleme alınmıştır. Söz konusu çalışmayı yapan âlimlerden biri de Türk asıllı, dedeleri Tarsus’tan Şam’a gelmiş olan Necmeddin Tarsûsî’dir. İlmiyi sınıfı bir aileden gelen Tarsûsî, “Ürcuze fi Vefeyâti’l-Aʻyân min Mezhebi Ebî Hanîfeti’n-N’umân” adlı eseriyle Ebû Hanîfe’den (ö. 150) Alâaddin Türkmânî’ye (ö. 750) kadar Hanefî âlimlerin vefat tarihlerini konu edinen vefeyat türünden bir eser ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca Kitabü’t-Tevârîh adıyla 664 yılından kendi zamanına kadar Şam’da kadılık yapan Hanefî kâdılkudâtların başka bir ifadeyle muasır hanefî âlimlerinin biyografilerini de yazmıştır. Çalışmamızda incelediğimiz eser de Kitabü’t-Tevârih’tir. Kitabü’t-Tevârîh, Tarsûsî’nin 54 bölümden oluşan el-Feâidü’l-Fıkhiyye adlı 1000 beytlik manzumesinin ve ed-Dürretü’s-Seniyye fi’l-Fevâidi’l-Fıkhiyye adlı şerhinin 13 beytlik son bölümüdür. Eserin bu bölümünün çalışma konusu edilmesinde bölümün Şam tarihçileri olarak bilinen Nuaymî (ö. 927) ve İbn Tolun’un (ö. 953) eserlerine kaynaklık etmesi yatmaktadır. Bununla ilgili çalışmamız da yayın aşamasındadır. Özellikle İbn Tolun’un “Kudâtu Dımaşk” olarak bilinen “es-Sağru’l-Bessâm fi Zikri men Vülliye Kadâe’ş-Şâm” adlı eserinin ilk dokuz Hanefî kadısı neredeyse Kitabü’t-Tevârih’in aynısıdır. Bölüm h. 664 yılında Şam’a kâdılkudât olarak İbn Ata’dan başlayarak h. 746 yılı babası İmadüddin Tarsûsî’nin kadılığı bırakıp kendisinin geçmesini ifade etmesiyle son bulmaktadır. Eser, kadıların doğum, vefat ve kadılık tarihlerini ebced sembolleriyle ifade eden nazımla başlamıştır. Sonra da şerh edilerek dokuz kadının hayatına dair önemli bigiler verilmiştir. Şerhte sembollerin karşılığı olan tarihlerin açıklamasına ilaveten, kadıların hocaları, öğrencileri, ilgi duydukları eserler, öne çıktıkları yönler, görev yaptığı medreseler, tayinleri, terfileri, azilleri, bazılarının da edebi yönleri ele alınmıştır. Bu yönüyle teracim özelliği taşıyan eser Moğol istilası, halkla münasebetler, iktidar ulema ilişkisi gibi siyasi ve sosyokültürel yönü ortaya koymasıyla da tarih niteliği taşımaktadır.
A wealthy literature has been created by the scientists of the Memlikes period with the support and incentives of the sultan and state rical. It has also had a positive impact on the activities of the four religions built through the foundations. In the first part of the tribe, there were women and women who had been given to the tribe, to the tribe, to the tribe and to the tribe. The universe that grows in this atmosphere has found the possibility of expressing itself in every field of Islamic sciences; they have revealed original and profound works. At the beginning of the works came history, teracim and layer-type works. At the same time, in each philosophy, the biography of the effective leaders from the founder to their own period has been written layer, teracim and vefeyât types of works. Thus, the works of the people who have been taught are also taught. One of the worshippers who worked on the subject is the Turkish origin, the grandfather of Necmeddin Tarsus, who came from Tarsus to Damascus. He is the one who gives righteousness to his people, and he is the one who gives righteousness to his people, and he is the one who gives righteousness to his people, and he is the one who gives righteousness to his people. 150) to the Turkish people. 750) He has revealed a story of the deaths of the Hanefî al-Alimans. He also wrote the biographies of the Hanefî Kadilkudât, who had been female in Damascus from the year 664 to his time with the name of the Book’t-Tevârîh, in another word. The work we study is the Book of Revelation. The book is the last part of the 1000 beats of the al-Feâidü’l-Fıkhiyye, which consists of 54 parts of Tarsûî, and the 13 beats of the ed-Dürretü’s-Seniyye fi’l-Fevâidi’l-Fıkhiyye. This is a part of the story of the story of the story of the story of the story of the story of the story. 927 and Ibn Tolun. 953 is the source of his works. Our work on this is in the broadcast phase. The first nine Hanefî women of the work "es-Sağru'l-Bessâm fi Zikri men Vülliye Kadâe'ş-Shâm" known as "Kudâtu Dımaşk" by Ibn Tolun are almost the same as the Book't-Tevârih. The chapter h. 664 begins with Ibn Ata as a Kadilkudât to Damascus and ends with his father Immaddin Tarsushi's leave of his wife and expressing his passing. The work begins with the Nazim that expresses the birth, death and femininity dates of women with ebced symbols. Then they were honoured with nine important things about the life of the women. In addition to the description of the dates that correspond to the symbols, women’s teachers, students, the works they are interested in, the aspects they stand out, the medreses, the appointments, the promises, the aziles, and some literary aspects have been discussed. The work that carries the character of the teracim in this direction also carries the character of history with the exposure of political and social-cultural aspects such as the Mongol invasion, public relations, power-relationship.
With the support and encouragement of sultans and statesmen was created a rich versatile literature by scientists in Mamluks period. The emergence of this situation has also had a positive effect on the madrasah activities of four sects built through foundations. In these madrasas, the professors and muslim judges were trained belonging to Hanafi, Maliki and Hanbeli sects, especially the Shafiis sect. in the context of this idea, scholars had the opportunity to express themselves in every field of Islamic sciences; they have created original Works and in depth works. History, biography and obituary works are at the peak of these works. In almost all denominations, obituary and biography works were written, where the biography of effective leaders was made from its founder to its own period. One of the scholars doing this kind of work is Necmeddin Tarsusi who Turkish-born and came to Damascus from Tarsus. Tarsusi who came from a family of wise class produced his work named “Ürcuze fi Vefeyâti’l-A ʻ y â n min Mezhebi Ebî Hanîfeti’n-N'umân” which a type of death that deals with the death dates of Hanafi scholars who passed away from Ebû Hanîfe (d.150) to Alâaddin Türkmânî (d. 750). In addition, he wrote the biographies of Hanefî kâdılkudât who was a judge in Damascus from 664 until his time with the name of Kitabü-Tevârîh. Our study is about the work which name is Kitabü-Tevârîh. This work consisting of fifty-four episodes of Tarsûsi is the last chapter of thirteen couplets of the verse of its named “ed-Dürretü’s-Seniyye fi'l-Fevâidi'l-Fıkhiyye” and the verse of a thousand couplets called al-Feâidü'l-Fıkhiyye. The study of this part of the work is due to the fact that the section was the source of the works of Nuaymî and İbn Tolun that known as Damascus historians. Our study which examines the source of the work for later studies is also in the publishing phase. Especially the ranking of the first nine Hanafi qadı in the es-Sağru'l-Bessâm fi Zikri men Vülliye Kadâe'ş-Şâm which work is name and belong to İbn Tolun is almost the same as Kitabü't-Tevârih. Kitabüt-Tevârîh starts from Ibn Ata who is appointed as a kâdılkudât in Damascus in hijri 664 and it ends with the replacement of his father İmadüddin Tarsûsî who to be fired from muslim judge in hijri 746. The work begins with the verse which expresses important dates related to muslim judge such as birth, death and the history of judgment with their letter symbols. Then, important information was given one by one about the lives of nine muslim judge. In this context, in addition to the explanation of the dates corresponding to the symbols in the annotation, the teachers of muslim judges, their students, the works they are interested in, the features they stand out, the madrasahs where they work, their appointments, their promotions, be fired from muslim judge and literary interests some of which are also discussed. In this context, this work which encompasses a biography is also a historical feature by contacting details such as the Mongolian invasion and its impact on society, the relationship between management and scholars and thus revealing its the political and sociocultural results.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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