Özet:

Coffee, has emerged as the food in Abyssinia. It was recognized in Yemen in the 15th century and has since become a popular beverage in the country. It first made its way to Hejaz and Egypt in the 16th century, then to Syria via pilgrimage caravans, and finally to Istanbul. In the 17th century, it spread throughout Europe. Coffee brought along religious and social discussions wherever it entered in the 16th and 17th centuries. It has, however, been enjoyed and consumed by almost everyone. The issue of the places where tahmishanes were established and their distribution was discussed in this study as a result of innovations made in the Ottoman State's administrative, financial, and commercial fields at the end of the 17th century. Because most studies on coffee and coffeehouses have focused on administrative and sociological aspects, this aspect of coffee has received little attention. Since its introduction into Ottoman lands, coffee has been regarded as a luxury consumer item. It therefore constituted a significant revenue item for the State. Coffee consumption is believed to have risen in Anatolia and Rumelia in the 18th century. The indicator of this must be the tahmishanes that became widespread in the mentioned period. Testing the connection between the proliferation of tahmishanes and the rise in public coffee consumption, on the other hand, is a problem that is beyond the scope of this paper. Within the scope of this study, tahmishanes serving in Anatolia and Rumelia were discussed between the end of the 17th century and the middle of the 19th century. The Ottoman Archive of the Presidency State Archives of the Republic of Turkey, the General Directorate of Foundations Archive, Ottoman chronicles, and the literature on the subject are all examined in this research In the research, answers were sought to the following questions: "Why did the state take administrative, financial and commercial measures and what were these measures?" and "What did coffee mean for the state financially?" In addition, answers to such basic questions have been sought in the context of the main subject; What is Tahmishane? Where was it established? How are the tahmishanes distributed? What are the effective causes in this distribution? Is there a set of rules or a system for where tahmishanes should be established? What was the procedure for running the tahmishanes? Has the number of tahmishanes increased over the years? If so, what are the reasons for this? In the study, it was concluded that tahmishanes were established in Rumelia more than Anatolia, and generally on the range routes included in the Ottoman road system. Secondly, it is understood that the number of tahmishanes has steadily increased since the end of the 17th century. It can be concluded from this that the measures taken by the State in administrative, financial, military and commercial areas are beneficial. Furthermore, the rise in the number of coffee houses can be said to play a significant role in the spread of tasmihhanes. Besides that, the government's needs had determined how the tasmihhanes are enforced.

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