Abstract:

In the 19th century, when South Caucasus and Turkistan were occupied by the Tsarist Russia, it formed a border with the Khazarian Sea, the Tsarist and the Khazarian Turkish State (Iran). The Russians, after two wars with the Gulistan (1813) and Turkmenchay (1828) treaties, added the South Caucasus to their own territory and made the Hazar a Russian lake. The importance of the Khazarian region in terms of geostrategic and energy increased by the end of the 19th century, with the rapidity of the imperialist states’ sharing and colonial policies. Although the Soviet Union was a dominant power in Khazarians during the post-Bolshevik Revolution, some restrictions on Khazarians for Iran during the Tsar period have been removed. The status of Hazar, which was in joint use with Iran until the collapse of the Soviet Union, has come to a serious debate with the agreements with Western companies with the aim of bringing the Turkish Republics out of the Soviet Union’s hydrocarbon reserves to the global market. However, the problems with the legal status of the sea were unresolved for many years, and the problem was caused by political reasons, as well as the approach of the coastal states to the status and the principles of sharing they offered. As a result, the five Khazarian leaders ended their discussions on the status by signing the 24 Articles Convention, which determines the legal status of the Khazarian Sea in the city of Aktau, Kazakhstan, on 12 August 2018.

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