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SÖZLÜ GELENEK, FORM KRİTİĞİ VE İNCİLLER
2019
Journal:  
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

İsa’nın ölümünden 35-70 yıl sonra bugün “İncil” diye tanımlanan anonim metinleri kaleme alan yazarların hangi bilgi kaynaklarını kullandıkları meselesi, araştırmacılar arasında tartışılan bir konudur. Bu bağlamda, İncil yazarlarının bazen birbirlerinin metinlerini kaynak olarak kullandıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Bazen hipotetik bazı yazılı kaynakları da kullanmış oldukları düşünülmektedir. Ancak İncillerin arkasında “sözlü gelenek” denilen şifahi bir rivayet külliyatının bulunduğu da kabul edilmektedir. Sözlü gelenek İsa hakkında 30’lu yıllardan II. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğine kadar yayılarak dolaşan küçük, ayrı, bağımsız, sözlü anlatılardan oluşmaktadır. Günümüzde “İncil” tabir edilen yazılı metinlerden hareketle, bu metinlerin arkasındaki sözlü geleneğin anlaşılmasına ve İncil yazarlarının redaktörler olarak bu geleneği nasıl şekillendirdiklerine dair bilimsel arayışlar ise “form kritiği” denilen metodolojik bir yaklaşımı öne çıkarmıştır. Form kritiği,  sözlü geleneğin yapısını, özgün temelini ve tarihini tanımlanmayı amaçlayan bir disiplindir. Bu disiplin, İncil araştırmaları alanında önemli sonuçlara ulaşmayı mümkün kılmaktadır. Wellhausen, Schmidt, Dibelius ve Bultmann gibi Alman araştırmacılar, bu alanın öncü isimleri olmuşlardır. Bununla beraber, form kritiği konusu, tıpkı Kitab-ı Mukaddes Kritiği kapsamındaki diğer yöntemler gibi Türk akademisi özelinde boş bırakılmıştır. Bu makale, İncil rivayetlerinin arka planını oluşturan “sözlü gelenek” kavramına ve bu süreci çeşitli açılardan inceleyen ve aydınlatmaya çalışan “form kritiği” yöntemine, Türk akademisinin dikkatini çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 

Keywords:

Oral Tradition, Form Criticism and Evangelies
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

The question of what information sources the writers used to print anonymous texts today, defined as "The Gospel" 35-70 years after the death of Jesus, is a question discussed among the researchers. In this context, it is revealed that biblical authors sometimes use each other’s texts as a source. Sometimes hypothesis is believed to have used some written sources as well. But it is also recognized that behind the Gospels there is a healing rivayet cult called the "verbal tradition". The verbal tradition; about Jesus in the thirty years II. It consists of small, separate, independent, verbal stories that spread up to the second quarter of the century. By the way of the written texts that are presented today in the "Genesis", the scientific search for the understanding of the verbal tradition behind these texts and how the Bible writers form this tradition as editors has led to a methodological approach called "form criticism". Form criticism is a discipline aimed at defining the structure, original foundation and history of the verbal tradition. This discipline makes it possible to significant results in the field of biblical research. German researchers such as Wellhausen, Schmidt, Dibelius and Bultmann have been the leading names of this area. However, the subject of form criticism has been left empty in the Turkish Academy, like other methods within the scope of the Book of the Holy Criticism. This article aims to attract the attention of the Turkish Academy to the concept of the "verbal tradition" that forms the background of the biblical reviews and to the method of "form criticism" that studies and tries to enlighten this process from various aspects.

Keywords:

Oral Tradition, Form Criticism, and The Gospels
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

What kind of sources were used by the authors of the anonymous texts that were written in 35-70 years after Jesus’ death and were subsequently defined as “Gospels” is a topic discussed among researchers. In this context, it has been revealed that the authors of the Gospels use not only each other’s texts as sources but also some hypothetical sources. However, it is also accepted that there is a corpus of narrative called the “oral tradition” behind the Gospels. The oral tradition consists of small, separate, independent, and oral narratives about Jesus which spread from around 30 C.E. to the second quarter of the second century. With reference to the written texts called Gospels today, scientific research for the understanding of the oral tradition behind these texts and how the Gospel writers to shape this tradition as redactors have highlighted a methodological approach called “form criticism”. Form criticism is a discipline that aims to define the structure, original basis and the process of the oral tradition. This discipline makes it possible to reach important conclusions in the field of Gospel studies. German researchers such as Wellhausen, Schmidt, Dibelius, and Bultmann are leading names in this field. Nevertheless, just like the other methods included in Biblical Criticism, form criticism is not known by the Turkish academy. This article aims to attract the attention of the Turkish scholars to the oral tradition behind the Gospels and to the form criticism method that tries to clarify the oral tradition

Keywords:

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Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Field :   İlahiyat

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

Metrics
Article : 646
Cite : 6.668
2023 Impact : 0.127
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi