Özet:

Abstract Descriptive and quantitative study carried out in 2018 in the city of Sapeaçu, in the state Bahia. It aimed to identify factors associated with low adherence to the anti-HPV vaccine regimen by children and adolescents. A questionnaire was applied in 3 schools. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and backward tests. 119 students participated: 53% female, 55% mixed-raced, 42% Catholic, 46% family income of up to one minimum wage and 61% received anti-HPV vaccine. The independent variables were: age group (p=0.89), race/color (p=0.32), religion (p=0.93), family income (p=0.60), student's understanding of HPV (p=0.16) and on the anti-HPV vaccine scheme (p=0.976), actions of the church they attend (p=0.66), school actions (p=0.657) and affiliation to the teaching network of school attended (p=0.07), gender of students (p=0.002) and parents' understanding of HPV (p=0.012). Gender of the participants and their parents' knowledge about HPV were the main factors for low adherence to the vaccine schedule. There was a need to develop awareness campaigns on the importance of anti-HPV vaccination aimed at parents and guardians, given that they are the ones who act decisively in the decision to adhere to the anti-HPV vaccine schedule for their children.

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