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Çalışma 19.yüzyıldan itibaren Osmanlı Coğrafyasında görülmeye başlayan ve çeşitli yollarla giderek artan frengi hastalığının, toplum ve devlet nezdinde nasıl görüldüğünü, yayılımının engellenmesini ve tedavisine dönük ne gibi tedbirler alındığını konu edinmektedir. Çalışmada, Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet Arşivlerindeki belgeler, Meclis Zabıt Cerideleri ve Resmî Gazetelerden yararlanmıştır. İkincil olarak konu ile ilgili araştırma eserleri ve tezler de kullanılmıştır. Batı’dan gelmesi sebebi ile frengi ya da “illet-i efrenc” olarak anılan hastalık, bilhassa savaşlarda askerlerin birbirine bulaştırması, fuhuş ve aileden çocuklara geçme gibi çeşitli şekillerde yayılmıştı. Ayıp sayılarak saklanma, önemsememe, köy ve nahiyeler başta olmak üzere her yerde ilgili doktor ve hastane bulunmaması gibi sebepler tedavisini yavaşlatmıştı. Bununla birlikte ülkede yayılımın önünü kesmek için, muayenelerin ücretsiz olarak yapılmasının sağlanması, seyyar tabip, eczacı gönderme, hastaneler kurma, gibi yolların benimsendiği görülmektedir. Hastalığı engellemek için Osmanlı Devleti’nden Cumhuriyet’e geçiş sürecinde “Emrâz-ı Sâriye Nizamnâmesi” ve “Frenginin Men ve Tahdidi Hakkında Kanun” gibi kanunlar çıkarılmıştı. Gazi Mustafa Kemâl Paşa yeni Cumhuriyetin sağlık politikasını halkın sağlığını koruma, ölümleri sınırlandırma, nüfusu çoğaltma, bulaşıcı hastalıkların engellenmesi ve bu sayede halkı sağlıklı ve dinç tutma olarak ifade etmişti. Cumhuriyet Döneminde hastalığın tedavisi için Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı ile yurt dışından ilaçlar getirtilmişti. 1925 yılının sonundan itibaren Frengi Mücadele teşkilatları kuruldu. 1930’da Umumi Hıfzıssıhha Kanunu ile Sıhhat ve İçtimai Muavenet Vekâleti, memleketin sağlık şartlarını iyileştirmek, milletin sağlığına zarar veren bütün hastalıklar ve sebepleri ile mücadele etmek, halka tıbbi ve sosyal yardım da bulunmakla görevlendirilmişti. Frengi ile ilgili halkı bilinçlendirmek üzere kaleme alınan metinler, Halkevleri ve Halk odalarında okunmak üzere CHP Genel Sekreterliğinden gönderilmişti.
The study focuses on how the disease begins to be seen in the Ottoman Geography from the 19th century and increases in various ways, how it is seen in the community and the state, how the spread of it is prevented and what measures are taken to treat it. In the study, the documents in the Ottoman and Republic Archives, the Parliamentary Zabıt Cerideleri and the Official Newspapers were used. Secondly, research works and the theses on the subject were also used. Because it came from the West, the disease, called the frengi or "eth-i efrenc", was spread in various ways, especially in wars, such as the infection of soldiers, the corruption and the transition from family to children. It was a shame that slowed the treatment of reasons such as hiding, negligence, the village and the districts, primarily the absence of relevant doctors and hospitals everywhere. However, in order to stop the spread in the country, it appears that ways such as ensuring the free conduct of examinations, travel therapists, sending pharmacists, establishing hospitals, are adopted. In the process of the transition from the Ottoman State to the Republic to prevent the disease, laws such as "Emrâz-i Sâriye Nizamnâmesi" and "Law on the Men and Tahdidi of Frenginin" were issued. Gazi Mustafa Kemâl Pasha expressed the health policy of the new Republic as protecting the health of the people, limiting deaths, multiplying the population, preventing infectious diseases and thus keeping the people healthy and relaxed. During the Republican period, medications were brought from abroad by the Council of Ministers for the treatment of the disease. Since the end of 1925 the Frengi Fighting Organizations were established. In 1930, the Public Health Act and the Health and Internal Health Council were commissioned to improve the health conditions of the country, to fight all diseases and causes that harm the people’s health, and to provide public medical and social assistance. The texts taken to awareness the people related to the French were sent from the CHP General Secretariat to be read in the People's and People's Chambers.
This study deals with how syphilis disease, which started to appear in the Ottoman geography since the 19th century and spread in various ways, was seen by the society and the state and what kind of the preventive and treatment measures were adopted. To investigate this issue, the documents in the Ottoman and Republic Archives, Assembly Records and the Official Gazette were used. Research studies and theses related to the subject were also used as secondary sources. As it originated in the West, the disease was called “frengi” or “illet-i efrenc” and spread in a variety of ways such as wars in which soldiers infected each other, prostitution, and passing from family to children. Reasons such as hiding, ignoring, lack of doctors and hospitals especially in villages and townships, slowed down the treatment of the disease. In addition, it is seen that in order to prevent the spread of the disease throughout the country, a number of ways including providing examinations for free, sending medical doctors, sending pharmacists, establishing hospitals were adopted. In addition, laws such as the "Regulations for Outbreaking Diseases" and "Law on the Restriction of Syphilis" were passed during the transition from the Ottoman State to the Republic. Gazi Mustafa Kemâl Pasha expressed the health policy of the new Republic as protecting the health of the people, limiting deaths, increasing the population, preventing infectious diseases and thus keeping the people healthy and vigorous. During the Republican Period, medicines were brought from abroad with the Cabinet Decision for the treatment of the disease. Since the end of 1925, Syphilis Fighting organizations were established. With the Public Sanitary Law enacted in 1930, the Deputy of Health and Social Affairs was tasked with improving the sanitary conditions of the country, combating all diseases and causes that harm the nation's health, and providing medical and social aid to the public. The texts written to raise awareness of syphilis were sent from the CHP General Secretariat to be read in the Public Houses and Public Rooms.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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