Özet:

Mainly circes, the ice lakes are the most important lakes located in the alpine generations of the high mountain areas in Anadolu. Although many studies have been done on the ice geomorphology in Anadolu and the conditions of Kuvaterner ice, the circus lakes have not been sufficiently studied. Due to this deficiency, this study has studied the distribution and morphometric characteristics of all the circle lakes in Anatolia based on CBS. Maping studies through satellite images and topographic maps have identified a total of 660 circ lake on 28 different masses. According to the alansal distribution characteristics, a very large portion of the circ lake (77) is located on the Eastern Black Sea Mountains, and in these mountainous areas the proportion of circ lake/circus (G/S) reaches 30%. Although there are many masses and hundreds of cirks that have been frozen in the Western and Central Toros, the number of cirks is very small and there are no cirks on many masses (G/S ratio is 0). In this situation, litological conditions have a great impact. The masses that are frozen in the Western and Central Toros are composed of carstical units, while the Eastern Black Sea Mountains are composed of non-carstical volcanic and intrusive units. According to morphometric calculations, the average height of all the circle lakes in Anatolia is 2882 meters, and this value covers the Kuvaterner ice periods with permanent snow limit measurements. In terms of lake size, the average lake area is 13,346 m2 (0,0133 km2) and according to the area classification, almost all of the lake is within the small lake class (99,5%). According to global grid-based climate data, the average annual temperature of the circus lake areas is -0,11°C, while the annual total rain value is 825 mm.

Özet:

Glacial lakes, especially cirque lakes, constitute the most important lakes in the alpine belt of high mountain areas in Anatolia. Although there are many studies have been performed on the glacial geomorphology and Quaternary glaciation conditions in Anatolia, the cirque lakes have not been investigated in detail. In this study, the distribution characteristics and morphometric properties of all cirque lakes in Anatolia were investigated based on GIS. As a result of the mapping studies based on satellite images and topography maps, 660 cirque lakes were determined on 28 different mountains. In terms of spatial distribution, most of the cirque lakes (77%) are located on the Eastern Black Sea Mountains, and the ratio of cirque lakes/cirques (L/C ratio) reaches 30% on these mountains. Although there are many glaciated mountains and hundreds of cirques in the Western and Central Taurus Mountains, the cirque lakes are very few and there are no cirque lakes on many mountains (L/C ratio is 0). Lithological conditions have a great influence on this result. While the glaciated mountains in the Western and Central Taurus are composed of karst units, the Eastern Black Sea Mountains are composed of non-karst volcanic and intrusive units. The average altitude of all cirque lakes in Anatolia is 2882 meters and this altitude conforms to permanent snow altitudes in glacial periods of the Quaternary. The average cirque lake area is 13,346 m2 (0.0133 km2) and almost all of the cirque lakes are in the small lake class (99.5%). According to the global gridded climate data, the annual average temperature and the total annual precipitation amount of the around cirque lakes are 0.11°C and 825 mm, respectively.

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