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  Citation Number 1
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MikroRNA’lar ve OSTEOARTRİT / MicroRNAs and OSTEOARTHRITIS
2016
Journal:  
Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

ÖZET: Osteoartrit (OA) yaygın olarak görülen önemli bir eklem hastalığıdır ve klinik olarak tedavisi tam olarak mümkün değildir. Eklem kıkırdağındaki doku homeostazının bozulması sonucu ortaya çıkan OA’nın moleküler patofizyolojisinde biyokimyasal, metabolik ve genetik faktörlerin rol oynadığı düşünülmekte ancak etki mekanziması halen tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Kıkırdak homeostazını kontrol eden ekstrasellüler düzenleyicilerin ve intrasellüler sinyal mekanizmaların anlaşılması OA için yeni terapötik hedeflerin tanımlanmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Son zamanlarda, küçük kodlamayan RNA’ların bir sınıfı olan mikroRNA (miRNA)’ların gelişim, homeostaz ve bağışıklık fonksiyonlarında önemli rol oynadığı ve miRNA’ların kanserden inflamasyona kadar çoğu hastalıkla ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. mRNA yıkılması veya translasyon baskılanması ile gen ekspresyonunu düzenleyen miRNA’ların, çeşitli hastalıklardaki rollerinin öğrenilmesi onların yeni bir biyobelirteç olarak değerlendirilmesine yol açmaktadır. miRNA’ların ekpresyonlarının hücre kaderinin belirlenmesindeki önemli rolü dışında, özel immün cevabı ve inflamatuar uyarıyı da düzenledikleri belirlenmiştir. Eklem kıkırdağında miRNA ekspresyonlarının araştırılması OA gibi hastalıklarda hedeflerin tanımlanmasına imkan sağlayabilecektir. Eklem hasarı veya tamiri sırasında çeşitli biyobelirteçler menisküs ve ligamentler, eklem kıkırdağı, kemik doku, osteofitler ve sinoviyal zardan salınarak sinoviyal sıvı havuzuna ve buradan da lenfatik dolaşıma ve sistemik dolaşıma katılmaktadır. Bu biyobelirteçlerin serum, idrar veya kanda belirlenmesi, OA’nın erken dönemde saptanması, hastalığın seyrinin ve tedaviye cevabının izlenmesi için önemlidir. Bu nedenlerle yapılan çalışmalarda, OA mekanizmasının anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamak için yeni bir terapötik hedef olan miRNA’ların OA patofizyolojisindeki rollerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu derlemede post-transkripsiyonal düzenlemede görevli miRNA’ların, OA’nın moleküler mekanizmasındaki rolleri incelenmektedir. Özet olarak, miRNA’ların tanı ve tedavide önemli potansiyele sahip olabileceği ve OA’nın tedavi edilmesi için yeni bir yol sağlayabileceği önerilmektedir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Osteoartrit, mikroRNA MicroRNAs AND OSTEOARTHRITIS ABSTRACT: Osteoarthritis (OA) is most common musculoskeletal disorder and its full treatment is not possible clinically. The pathogenesis of OA involves the degradation of tissue homeostasis in articular cartilage, but many of the underlying biochemical, metabolic and genetic factors remain largely unknown. Understanding the extracellular regulators and the intracellular signaling mechanisms controlling the cartilage homeostasis will contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for OA. Recently, it is shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), which are a sub-group of small non-coding RNAs, play an important role in terms of development, homeostasis and immunity functions; and that miRNAs are connected to several diseases from cancer to inflammation. miRNAs regulating gene expression with mRNA degradation or suppression of translation have roles in various diseases causes them to be evaluated as a new biomarker. It was found out that miRNAs regulate specific immune response and inflammatory stimuli, in addition to their important role in determination of a cell’s fate. Investigation of miRNA expression in the articular cartilage can make the identification of targets in diseases such as OA possible. During joint’s damage and repair, various biomarkers from meniscus and ligaments, articular cartilage, bone tissue, osteophytes and synovial membrane are secreted into the synovial fluid pool and are passed from there to lymphatic and systemic circulations. Identification of these biomarkers in serum, urine or blood is important for early detection of OA and for monitoring the course of the disease and its response to treatment. For these reasons, it was aimed to determine miRNAs’ role, in the pathophysiology of OA as a new therapeutic target in order to contribute to the understanding of OA’s mechanism of action in the studies carried out. In this review, the current evidence of the role of miRNAs in charge of post-transcriptional regulation, which is playing in molecular mechanisms underlying development and progression of OA, has been summarized. In summary, it is proposed that miRNAs have an important potential in terms of diagnosis and treatment of OA and that they can provide a new way for treatment of OA. KEYWORDS: Osteoarthritis, microRNA  

Keywords:

MikroRNA’lar ve OSTEOARTRİT / MicroRNAs and OSTEOARTHRITIS
2016
Author:  
Abstract:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major joint disease that is widely seen and clinically treatment is not possible. It is believed that the role of biochemical, metabolic and genetic factors in molecular patophysiology of OA, which occurs as a result of the deterioration of tissue homeostasis in the joint cartilage, but the exact location of the effect is still unknown. Understanding the extracellular regulators and intrasellular signal mechanisms that control scalp homeostasis will contribute to the determination of new therapeutic goals for OA. Recently, it has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, play an important role in development, homeostasis and immune functions, and that the majority of myRNAs are associated with the disease from cancer to inflammation. The learning of the roles of mRNAs, which regulate genetic expression with mRNA breakdown or translation printing, in various diseases leads to their evaluation as a new biological indicator. In addition to the important role of myRNA expressions in determining cell fate, it has also been determined that they organize a special immune response and inflammatory warning. The study of myRNA expressions in the joint cartilage will enable the identification of targets in diseases such as OA. During joint damage or repair, a variety of biobeliracts participate in the sinovical liquid pool by releasing meniscus and ligaments, joint scratch, bone tissue, osteophytes and sinovical scratch, and from here participate in lymph circulation and systemic circulation. Detection of these biobelimeters in the serum, urine or blood, early detection of OA, monitoring the course of the disease and the response to the treatment is important. In these studies, the aim is to determine the roles of myRNAs in OA patophysiology, which is a new therapeutic goal to contribute to the understanding of the OA mechanism. This collection examines the roles of the miRNAs in the post-transcription arrangement in the molecular mechanism of OA. In summary, it is recommended that myRNAs may have significant potential in diagnosis and treatment and can provide a new way for treatment of OA. Osteoarthritis is most common musculoskeletal disorder and its full treatment is not possible clinically. The pathogenesis of OA involves the degradation of tissue homeostasis in joint cartilage, but many of the underlying biochemical, metabolic and genetic factors remain largely unknown. Understanding the extracellular regulators and the intracellular signaling mechanisms controlling the cartilage homeostasis will contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for OA. Recently, it is shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), which are a sub-group of small non-coding RNAs, play an important role in terms of development, homeostasis and immunity functions; and that miRNAs are connected to several diseases from cancer to inflammation. miRNAs regulating gene expression with mRNA degradation or suppression of translation have roles in various diseases causes them to be evaluated as a new biomarker. It was found that miRNAs regulate specific immune response and inflammatory stimuli, in addition to their important role in determining a cell's fate. Investigation of miRNA expression in the joint cartilage can make the identification of targets in diseases such as OA possible. During joint’s damage and repair, various biomarkers from meniscus and ligaments, articular cartilage, bone tissue, osteophytes and synovial membrane are secreted into the synovial fluid pool and are passed from there to lymphatic and systemic circulations. Identification of these biomarkers in serum, urine or blood is important for early detection of OA and for monitoring the course of the disease and its response to treatment. For these reasons, it was aimed to determine the role of miRNAs, in the pathophysiology of OA as a new therapeutic target in order to contribute to the understanding of OA's mechanism of action in the studies carried out. In this review, the current evidence of the role of miRNAs in charge of post-transcriptional regulation, which is playing in molecular mechanisms underlying development and progression of OA, has been summarized. In summary, it is proposed that miRNAs have an important potential in terms of diagnosis and treatment of OA and that they can provide a new way for treatment of OA. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, microRNA

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Cite : 513
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Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi