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Ne modern devlet sistemlerinin vazgeçilmez bir unsuru çoğu zaman bir kangren çoğu zaman da olmazsa olmaz bir yapı olarak değerlendirilen bürokrasi, ne de Türk dünyasının en çok iz bırakan liderlerinden birisi olan Sultan II. Abdülhamid üzerine yapılan tartışmalar yakın zamanda bitecek gibi durmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada da II. Abdülhamid’in dış politikaya, iç politikaya, ekonomiye, eğitime, adalet hizmetlerine ve askeriyeye dair yönetim anlayışları incelenmiş ve bunların Osmanlı bürokratik yapısındaki yerlerine dair birtakım saptamalar yapılmıştır. Çoğu zaman istibdat yönetimi, tek adamlık, merkeziyetçilik ve gericilik ile birlikte anılan II. Abdülhamid’in Türk modernleşmesi sürecinde dizmiş olduğu kilometre taşları göz ardı edilmektedir. Nitekim o Osmanlı tarihinde ilk defa meclis açan ve ilk defa anayasa ilan eden padişahtır. Ancak tahta geldiği dönemde yönetimde bulunan yozlaşmış bürokrasi ile mücadelesi onu zaman zaman çelişkili kararlar almaya itmiştir. Özellikle Tanzimat sonrası Osmanlı’nın modernleşme furyasına kapıldığı bir dönemde kendisini bu hareketlerin tam ortasında bulan bürokrasinin modernleşmesi ilmi ya da teknolojik alanlardan ziyade kültürel alanda gerçekleşmiş ve bürokrasi giderek kendisini ayrıcalıklı bir konuma getirerek devletin otoritesini eline almıştır. II. Abdülhamid ise tahta geldikten sonra devlet otoritesini yeniden saraya bağlayarak, bürokrasi ile mücadele etmeye başlamıştır. Ancak bu mücadele bürokrasinin yok edilmesi amacıyla değil keyfiyetten uzaklaştırılarak kurumsallaştırılması ve saraya sadakatin sağlanması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birçok alanda modernleşme hareketlerinin fitilini yakan II. Abdülhamid, bürokrasinin de modernleştirilmesi adına çok önemli düzenlemeler yapmıştır. II. Abdülhamid’in dizayn ettiği bürokratik yapının mirasçısı ise Türkiye Cumhuriyeti olmuştur.
Not an indispensable element of modern state systems; a bureaucracy which is often considered a kangaroo and often not a structure, nor the Sultan II, one of the most traceful leaders of the Turkish world. The discussions on Abdulhamid will not stop as if it would end soon. In this work II. Abdülhamid’s governance concepts of foreign policy, domestic policy, economy, education, justice and military have been studied and a number of findings have been made about their place in the Ottoman bureaucratic structure. Often referred to as the administration of the department, one-humanity, centralism and reactivity. The kilometre stones that Abdülhamid has stunned in the process of Turkish modernization are ignored. It was the first time in the history of the Ottoman that opened the parliament and proclaimed the constitution for the first time. But the struggle with the corrupt bureaucracy in the government at the time of the throne pushed him to make contradictory decisions. The modernization of the bureaucracy, which was found in the middle of these movements, in particular in a period in which the Ottoman after Tanzimat was in the fury of modernization, took place in the cultural field rather than in the scientific or technological fields, and the bureaucracy increasingly took over the authority of the state by bringing itself to a privileged position. and II. Abdülhamid, after arriving at the throne, began to fight with bureaucracy by re-connecting the state authority to the palace. But this struggle was not for the purpose of destroying the bureaucracy, but for the purpose of the institutionalization and for the provision of loyalty to the palace. In many areas, modernization movements are burning. Abdülhamid has made very important arrangements in order to modernize the bureaucracy. and II. The inheritance of the bureaucratic structure designed by Abdülhamid was the Republic of Turkey.
Neither discussions about an indispensable element of modern state systems; Neither the bureaucracy, which is often regarded as an indispensable structure for a gangrene, nor about Sultan Abdulhamid II, one of the most impressive leaders of the Turkish world, do not seem to end soon. In this study, Abdulhamid's management understandings on foreign policy, domestic policy, economy, education, justice services and military were examined and some determinations were made about their place in the Ottoman bureaucratic structure. Often times, the milestones that Abdulhamid II who is mentioned with tyranny, one-manhood, centralism and reaction, laid in the process of Turkish modernization are ignored. As a matter of fact, he is the first sultan to open a parliament in Ottoman history and to declare a constitution for the first time. However, when he came to the throne, his struggle with the corrupt bureaucracy in power led him to take contradictory decisions from time to time. Especially after Tanzimat, the modernization of the Ottoman bureaucracy took place in the cultural field rather than in the scientific or technological fields, and the bureaucracy gradually took the authority of the state by bringing itself to a privileged position. After Abdulhamid II came to the throne, he started to struggle with the bureaucracy by reconnecting the state authority to the palace. However, this struggle is not with the aim of destroying the bureaucracy; It was carried out in order to institutionalize it by removing it from the arbitrary and to ensure loyalty to the palace. Abdulhamid II, who burned the modernization movements in many areas, made very important arrangements in order to modernize the bureaucracy. The inheritor of the bureaucratic structure designed by Abdulhamid II was the Republic of Turkey.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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