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Barınma, sağlık, eğitim, sağlık ve sosyal koruma gibi refah hizmetlerinin sunumunda Türkiye’nin benimsediği refah tipolojisi olarak Güney Avrupa refah rejiminin özellikleri öne çıkmaktadır. Muhafazakâr ve sosyal demokrat refah uygulamalarının karma bir şekilde gerçekleşmesi, eğitim ve sağlık hizmetinin devlet tarafından ücretsiz olmasına rağmen bu iki alanda da özel sektöre imkân verilmesi, sosyal güvenliğin bireysel istihdamla birlikte hane bazlı bir koruma sağlaması, vb. faktörler, Türkiye’nin refah rejimi sınıflandırmasını bu kategoriye yerleştirmiştir. Ancak 2011 yılında başlayan ve 2019 yılında 3.5 milyonu aşan Suriyelilere yönelik temel refah hizmetlerinde uygulanan politikalar benimsenen refah tipolojisinde dair yeni bir perspektif oluşturmuştur. Özellikle geçici koruma statüsüne sahip Suriyelilere sunulan barınma, sağlık ve eğitim hizmetleri, Türkiye’nin sosyal devlet anlayışı ve refah rejimini kendine özgü bir sisteme dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 2012-2019 döneminde temel refah hizmetlerinden olan barınma, eğitim ve sağlık alanında Suriyelilere yönelik izlenen politika ve uygulamalar, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü (GİGM) ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verileri kullanılarak refah hizmetlerinden faydalanma durumu incelenmiş, bu uygulamaların Türkiye’nin refah sistemi tipolojisinde yeni bir perspektif oluşturup oluşturmadığı tartışılmıştır.
In the presentation of welfare services such as housing, health, education, health and social protection, the characteristics of the South European welfare regime are highlighted as the welfare type adopted by Turkey. Conservative and social-democratic welfare practices are carried out in a mixed way, education and health services are free by the state, and in both areas the private sector is allowed, the social security is provided with individual employment, and a household-based protection, etc. Factors have placed the classification of the prosperity regime of Turkey in this category. However, the policies implemented in basic welfare services to more than 3.5 million Syrians, which began in 2011 and in 2019, have created a new perspective on the adopted welfare type. The accommodation, health and education services offered to the Syrians with a temporary status of protection, especially, transform the understanding of the social state and the regime of well-being of Turkey into a unique system. In this study, the policies and practices followed to the Syrians in the field of housing, education and health care, which are of the basic welfare services in the period 2012-2019, the National Education Ministry, the General Directorate of the Immigration Administration of the Ministry of the Interior (GIGM) and the Turkish Statistical Bureau (TÜIK) data used to explore the state of benefiting from welfare services, these practices have been discussed whether they create a new perspective in the type of welfare system of Turkey.
As welfare typology that has been taken on by Turkey, the features of the South European welfare regime have been distinguished in welfare services such as accommodation, health, education, and, social protection. Education and health services are provided both of public and private sectors as regards South European welfare regime on the condition that the corporatist and social-democratic welfare implementations will emerge. Moreover, the social security has ensured the social protection of an individual and the household, and the welfare classification of Turkey is regarded as South European welfare regime. Furthermore, the new perspective for welfare typology that has been adopted by Turkey has occurred because of Syrian migration to begin in 2011 and exceed over 3.5 million in 2019. The services including accommodation, health, and education especially for Syrians to have temporary protection status have changed the social state perception and welfare regime of Turkey about its distinctive system. The policies and implementation in accommodation, education, and health, which are the basic welfare services, have been analyzed in this study using the data obtained by the Ministry of Education, Directorate General of Migration Management, and Turkish Statistical Institute, and whether these implementations cause new perspective of welfare typology system of Turkey or not have been discussed.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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