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Akad Devleti’ni inceleyen günümüz tarihçileri için işin zor kısmı, ilgili belgelerin çoğunun, bu devletin yıkılışından sonraki döneme tarihlenmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Sargon dönemi yazıtları neredeyse hiçbir şekilde doğrudan günümüze ulaşmamıştır. Naramsin yazıtları ise ülkenin her yerinden gelmektedir, ancak bunlar güvenilir bir kronolojik sıra ile düzenlenememektedir. Akad Devleti’nden sonraki yıllarda, her iki kralın askeri seferleri akıllardan asla silinmemiş ve yüzyıllarca kaydedilmiştir. Özellikle Eski Babil Çağı’nda kâtipler Sargon ve Naramsin’in Güney Mezopotamya kentlerinde diktikleri stellerin üzerindeki yazıtları kil tabletlere kaydetmeye başlamışlardır. Anadolu’da da M.Ö. 2. binde, önce Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Çağı’nda ardından Hitit Devleti döneminde Akad kralları hakkında efsaneler, çiviyazılı belgelerde kendine yer bulmuştur. Kültepe’den Akadlı Sargon’la ilgili bir tablet bunun örneklerinden biridir. Hitit Çağı’na geldiğimizde ise bu konu ile ilişkili belgeler biraz daha çeşitlilik kazanmıştır. Bunlar arasında I. Hattušili’nin yıllıkları, šar tamhari metinleri, Naramsin efsaneleri, Hurrice-Hititçe bir büyü metni ve Gurparanzah Destanı yer almaktadır. Bu belgeler Akadca, Hititçe ve Hurrice yazılmışlardır. Bahsi geçen metinler arasında Sargon ve Naramsin ile ilgili en etraflı bilgileri, Kültepe metni, šar tamhari metinleri, 17 Düşman Kral ve Kutha Efsanesi’nde buluruz.
The difficult part for contemporary historians to study the Akkadian state is that most of the relevant documents are related to the date of the next turn after the collapse of this state. Texts written during the lifetime of Sargon hardly survive. Naramsin inscriptions come from all over the country, but they cannot be arranged in a reliable chronological order. In the years following the Akkadian state, the military expeditions of both kings were not forgotten and continued to be recorded for centuries. Particularly, the writers began to record the inscriptions on the tellas of Sargon and Naramsin in the cities of southern Mesopotamia on clay tablets in the Old Babylonian Age. In Anatolia, the legends about the Akkadian kings were first written in cuneiform documents in the period of Assyrian Trade Colonies and then, in the Hittite State in the 2nd millennium BC. A tablet from Maldives about Akkadian king Sargon is one of his examples. Documents related to this issue in the Hittite Age have become more diversified. These are the annals of Hattušili I.,shar tamhari texts, the legends about Naramsin, the sharrena ritual and the heroic deeds of Gurparanzah. These documents were written in Akkadian, Hittite and Hurrian. We find the most comprehensive information about Sargon and Naramsin in Kültepe text, shar tamhari texts, Seventeen Kings and Cuthean Legend.
The difficult part for contemporary historians to study the Akkadian state is that most of the relevant documents are related to the date of the next turn after the collapse of this state. Texts written during the lifetime of Sargon hardly survive. Naramsin inscriptions come from all over the country, but they can not be arranged in a reliable chronological order. In the years following the Akkadian state, the military expeditions of both kings were not forgotten and continued to be recorded for centuries. Particularly, the scribers began to record the inscriptions on the tellas of Sargon and Naramsin in the cities of southern Mesopotamia on clay tablets in the Old Babylonian Age. In Anatolia, the legends about the Akkadian kings were first written in cuneiform documents in the period of Assyrian Trade Colonies and then, in Hittite State in the 2nd millenium BC. A tablet from Kültepe about Akkadian king Sargon is one of his examples. Documents related to this issue in the Hittite Age have become more diversified. These are the annals of Hattušili I.,šar tamhari texts, the legends about Naramsin, the šarrena ritual and the heroic deeds of Gurparanzah. These documents were written in Akkadian, Hittite and Hurrian. We find the most comprehensive information about Sargon and Naramsin in Kültepe text, šar tamhari texts, Seventeen Kings and Cuthean Legend.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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