Özet:

Crime and guilt is a universal problem that has been encountered in every social structure throughout history. “Criminal child” and “juvenile delinquency” are now embedded in our literature and have always attracted the attention of sociologists, psychologists, educators, lawyers and lawmakers as part of this problem. The crime of adolescence children who have not reached a full mentally, psychologically, physically maturity and have not yet grasped the roles and duties in the community, pushed societies to focus on crime and guilt with a special attention. Almost every society has been renewed in criminal and legal systems over time because of needed to make changes that require children to be treated separately from adults aiming to make them part of society as healthy individuals. For this reason, in many countries, separate courts have been set up for juvenile delinquents, and thus, the protection of children's rights has been tried to be guaranteed. The aim here is instead of punishment approach in juvenile justice system practices; adopting the approach of regaining children to society by acting in accordance with children's rights and the psycho-social development of the child during the judicial law enforcement, investigation, prosecution and penal execution stages. In this study, in light of the factors that form the basis of the establishment of juvenile courts in our country and in the world, the historical development of juvenile courts, application basics and related policies will be discussed. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the functioning of juvenile courts in the restorative justice system, by questioning what kind of process the children who were driven to crime went through while being reintegrated into society.

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