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Türkiye’de askeri müdahaleler, ilki 27 Mayıs 1960 tarihinde olmak üzere yaklaşık 10 yılda bir meydana gelmiştir. Farklı tarihlerde farklı gerekçeler öne sürülerek, sivil yönetime el koyma şeklinde gerçekleşen müdahaleler, birkaçı haricinde çoğunlukla başarılı olmuştur. Çağdaş demokrasilerde hiçbir zaman yeri olmayan darbe olarak adlandırılan müdahaleler, gerçekleştirenlere göre birçok haklı sebebi olmuştur. Darbenin illegal yapısını, legal olarak anlatmak amacıyla müdahale öncesindeki siyasi ortam olabildiğince kötülenmiştir. Bu düşünce doğrultusunda, darbeyi gerçekleştirenlerin kullandığı en etkili silah çoğunlukla görsel ve yazılı basın olmuştur. Askeri yönetim, basın araçlarını etkili kullanarak darbenin hemen ardından haklılığını anlatmaya çalışmıştır. Askeri müdahalelerin haklılığını basın yoluyla savunma anlayışı, Türkiye’nin siyasi ve toplumsal yapısını en fazla etkileyen 12 Eylül 1980 Darbesinden sonrada olmuştur. Başta Orgeneral Kenan Evren olmak üzere müdahalenin haklılığı, devletin resmi radyo ve televizyonunda atlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca basına verilen demeçler, özel gazetelerin geniş ölçüde haber yapısın oluşturmuştur. Tarihsel süreç içerisinde Türkiye’nin kritik zamanlarına tanıklık etmiş Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, 12 Eylül Askeri Darbesinin sebepleri üzerinde diğer özel gazeteler gibi çok sayıda yazıyı sayfalarına taşımıştır. 13 Eylül 1980 ve 13 Ekim 1980 tarihleri arasında çıkan sayılarında darbenin sebeplerini başta Orgeneral Kenan Evren sözleri olmak üzere detaylı bir şekilde haberleştirmiştir. Özellikle 1982 Anayasasının hazırlık sürecinden sonra 12 Eylül Darbesinin sonuçlarını günümüze kadar ağır bir dille eleştiren Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, darbeden sonraki bir aylık sürede sayfalarında çok da olumsuz söylem yansımamıştır. Çalışmamızda, Cumhuriyet Gazetesinin 13 Eylül 1980 ve 13 Ekim 1980 tarihleri arasında yayınlanan sayılarında 12 Eylül askeri darbesi ile ilgili haberler, söylem analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir.
Military interventions in Turkey occurred once every 10 years, the first of which occurred on May 27, 1960. Interventions that occur in the form of departure to the civil administration, with different reasons on different dates, have mostly succeeded, except for a few. In modern democracies, the interventions called the never-place coup have, according to the performers, been many reasonable. The political environment before the intervention has been worsened as possible in order to describe the illegal structure of the coup. According to this thought, the most effective weapon used by those who performed the coup was mostly visual and written press. The military administration tried to explain the truth immediately after the coup using the press tools effectively. The sense of defense of the legitimacy of military interventions through the press has been after the 12th September 1980 coup, which most affected the political and social structure of Turkey. The legitimacy of the intervention, including General Kenan Universe, was attempted to overcome on the state's official radio and television. In addition, the statements given to the press have created a large scale of news structures of private newspapers.
The Republican Gazette, which has witnessed the critical times of Turkey in the historical process, has transmitted numerous articles on the causes of the September 12 military coup, like other private newspapers, to its pages. In its numbers from 13 September 1980 to 13 October 1980, the cause of the coup was first
Military interventions in Turkey, including the first one occurred on 27 May 1960 came about 10 years. Interventions in the form of seizure of civilian administration, with different reasons on different dates, were mostly successful, except for a few. Interventions, called coup, which have no place in contemporary democracies, have had many justifiable reasons for those who carried out. In order to legally explain the illegal structure of the coup, the political environment before the intervention was deteriorated as much as possible. In line with this idea, the most effective weapon used by the coup perpetrators was mostly the visual and written press. The military administration tried to explain its justification immediately after the coup by using the media effectively. Military intervention defensive mentality through the media, the legitimacy of Turkey's political and social structure after the greatest impact has been on the impact of 12 September 1980. Gen. Kenan Evren, especially the right to intervene, was tried to circumvent the state's official radio and television. In addition, statements made to the press have formed a wide news structure of private newspapers. Having witnessed Turkey's Cumhuriyet newspaper critical time in the historical process, like other private newspapers on the causes of the September 12 military coup has carried many articles on the page. In the issues published between 13 September 1980 and 13 October 1980, the reasons of the coup were communicated in detail, especially by the words of Gen. Kenan Evren. Cumhuriyet Newspaper, which criticized the results of the September 12th coup to the present day after the preparation process of the 1982 Constitution, did not reflect much negative discourse on its pages in a month after the coup. In our study, in the issues published between September 13, 1980 and October 13, 1980, the news about the September 12 military coup was analyzed by discourse analysis.
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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