Abstract:

Natural nutrients contain a small amount of vitamin D and nutrients enriched with vitamin D are often insufficient to meet their needs. Although exposure to the sun is recommended for vitamin D intake, there are many factors that can affect the dermatal synthesis. Vitamin D deficiency is considered a public health problem worldwide. There is no consensus in the definition of the expressed terminology relating to deficiency and insufficiency. The main function of vitamin D is to provide a rigorous calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in circulation. The main target tissues are the intestines, kidneys and bones. But vitamin D has the structure of the steroid molecule and acts like a hormone. Studies have shown that vitamin D receptors are found in many target cells in the body and perform their functions with the 1α-hydroxylase enzyme. Vitamin D receptors mediate the biological effects of the ligand by regulating the transcription of the target genes. Therefore, the interest in vitamin D, the sun vitamin that has been researched for many years, is increasing. Because new data show that vitamin D, in addition to healthy bones, is effective on tissues and systems, many diseases play a role in the pathogenesis due to the broad target tissue interaction. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to many diseases, from diabetes to schizophrenia, from cancer to obesity, from Parkinson’s disease to autism, from infertility to tuberculosis. But it should not be forgotten that vitamin D is stored in fat tissue and has toxic effects. More research is needed to illuminate the relationship of vitamin D with other diseases and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment parameters. This collection is designed to study vitamin D synthesis, metabolism, deficiency and insufficiency, current guidelines for vitamin D intake and the health effects of vitamin D.

Keywords: