Abstract:

arOne of the most controversial issues in the modern era is the nature of jihad in Islam. Orientalist studies point to the concept of jihad as a source of terrorist acts in the modern era, arguing that war provisions constitute the basis of the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims. In contrast, most of the modernist Muslim intellectuals have asserted that the relationship between Islamic states and the others had essentially a peaceful character and jihad in Islam is allowed only as defensive warfare. At the introduction of this article we will deal with the discussions about the nature of jihad in Islam and their possible causes and then try to determine the concept of jihad in the mind of an Ottoman scholar from 18.th century by studying his reference sources. Unlike efforts to assert that the relationship between Muslims and then non-Muslims had essentially a peaceful character in the modern era by referring to the Hanafi scholars, we will emphasize that the author put forwards an opinion that war provisions constitute the basis of their relations between Muslims and non-Muslims by referring to the same sources.

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