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Dürziler, gerek itikadi açıdan gerekse de hukuki prensipleri bağlamında Osmanlı-Hanefi ideolojisi dışında kalan bir cemaatti. Bununla birlikte Dürzi liderler 19. Yüzyılın başlarına kadar devletin Cebel-i Lübnan’daki idari tem-silcileri olarak siyasi otoriteyi ellerinde tutmayı başardılar. Bunun yanı sıra geleneksel hukuklarını da koruyan Dürziler, Osmanlı Devleti’nin sosyal yapısını oluşturan Millet Sistemi içinde farklı bir pozisyonda kimlik edindiler. Tanzimat reformlarının Cebel-i Lübnan’da uygulanmaya başlaması ise Dürzilerin kimlik tanımlarında siyasi paradigmaların dışına çıkmalarına sebep olmuş, Osmanlı kimliğini İslami terminolojiyle tamamlamak adına hareket eden cemaat, hukuki statülerini bir meşruiyet aracı olarak kullanmaya başlamış ve devletin değişen reformist duruşu karşısında farklı bir hukuki yer edinmeye çalışmışlardı. Bu çalışma, Cebel-i Lübnanlı Dürzilerin Osmanlı Devleti’nin son zamanlarında ortaya çıkan kimlik problemine bakışlarını ele almakta, cemaatin meşruiyet kaygılarına karşı aldığı tedbir ve devletin hukuk politikasını incelemektedir. Araştırmada kendi kaynaklarında ve Osmanlı arşivinde yer alan bazı Dürzi davalarından örnekler verilerek cemaatin iç hukukuna değinilmiş, ayrıca devletin mezhep siyasetinde izlediği yöntemin Dürziler üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir.
The Dursis are a community that remains outside the Ottoman-Hanefi ideology in the context of legal principles. The leaders are 19th. Until the beginning of the century, the government’s Cebel-i managed to hold political authority in their hands as administrative representatives in Lebanon. In addition to this, the Durses, who also safeguarded their traditional laws, identified themselves in a different position within the National System, which forms the social structure of the Ottoman State. The beginning of the Tanzimat reforms to be implemented in Lebanon has caused the Durses to get out of political paradigms in their identity definitions, the community, which has been moving to complete its Ottoman identity with Islamic terminology, has begun to use its legal status as a means of legitimacy and has been trying to gain a different legal place in the face of the changing reformist position of the state. This study addresses the views of the Lebanese Durses on the identity problem that emerged in the recent times of the Ottoman State, examines the measures that the community has taken against legitimacy concerns and the state’s legal policy. The research has given examples of some Dürzi cases in its own sources and in the Ottoman archive, referring to the community’s domestic law, and also analysed the effect of the method of the state in the religious policy on Dürzi.
The Druze were a community outside the Ottoman-Sunni ideology, both in terms of rhetoric and legal principles. However, the Druze leaders had been the administrative representatives of the state in Mount Lebanon until the beginning of the 19th century and managed to hold the political authority. In addition, the Druze, who protected their traditional law had acquired the different identity in the “Nation System” -Millet Sistemi- of the Ottoman State. However the introduction of Tanzimat reforms in Mount Lebanon caused the Druze to go beyond the political paradigms in their identity definitions. Acting to complete its Ottoman identity with Islamic terminology, the community started to use their legal status as a legitimacy tool and tried to gain a legal place in the face of the state’s changing reformist stance. This study examines the views of the Druze of Mount Lebanon on the identity problem that emerged in the last period of the Ottoman State and examines the measures taken by the community against the legitimacy concerns and the state’s policy. In this context, the legal differences of the community were mentioned by giving some examples of Druze cases in their sources and in the Ottoman archive. In addition, the effect of the method followed by the state in sectarian politics on Druze was analyzed.
Field : İlahiyat
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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