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Soğuk Savaş bittikten hemen sonra Karadeniz Havzası’nda son yüzyılda oluşan güç dengesi bozuldu. Böylece bölge geniş anlamda alışıldık üstünlük mücadelesinin ötesinde küresel çıkar çatışmalarına sahne olmaya başlamıştır. Karadeniz ve çevre çapındaki hinterlant topraklarda biçimlenen yeni güç mücadelesi asimetrik olduğu kadar tarihte ilk defa hibrit özelliklere de sahiptir. Yeni güç mücadelesinde yakın aktörlerle birlikte yeni düzenin uzak aktörleri de yer almıştır. Çarlık Rusyası, büyük güç statüsüne yükselebilmesinin Karadeniz ve Doğu Akdeniz hâkimiyeti sayesinde gerçekleşebileceğini biliyordu. Benzer şekilde Soğuk Savaş sonrasının ilk döneminde rakipsiz kalan hegemon güç ABD; Balkanları rehabilite edip sınırlarını Karadeniz’e kadar uzatmak isteyen AB; Karadeniz ve yakın çevresini yaşam sahası olarak görüp, bu bölgede sahildar olmayan güce tahammül etmek istemeyen Rusya Federasyonu ve mevcut statükoyu, dengelenmiş kuvvet dengesi içinde muhafaza etmeyi arzulayan Türkiye yeni güç mücadelesinin taraflarını oluşturmuşlardır. Tarafların çıkarları kontjonktürel olarak uzlaşıp zaman zaman çatıştığından, Asya ile Avrupa arasındaki alternatif enerji kaynaklarının, kadim ticaret yollarının ve bölge deniz hâkimiyet merkezinin kavşağında yer alan Karadeniz Havzası, umulmadık ittifak ve rekabet gruplaşmalarına sahne olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada son 30 yılda Karadeniz Havzası’nda gerçekleşen güç mücadelesi analiz edilmeye çalışılacak, Havza’da faaliyet halinde olan başat aktörlerin dış politika öncelikleri değerlendirilecektir.
Soon after the Cold War ended, the power balance of the last century in the Black Sea Basin was broken. Thus, the region has begun to be the scene of global conflicts of interest beyond the struggle of superiority which is widely used. The new power struggle formed in the dark sea and the surrounding suburbs has hybrid properties for the first time in history as as as asymmetric as it is. In the new power struggle along with close actors, the new order’s remote actors also participated. The Tsarish Russia knew that the rise to the status of great power could be achieved through the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean rule. Similarly, in the first period of the Cold War, the hegemon power of the United States; the EU, which wants to rehabilitate the Balkans and extend its borders to the Black Sea; the Russian Federation, which wants to see the Black Sea and its nearby surroundings as a living space, and the Russian Federation, which does not want to tolerate the non-coastal power in this region, and the current statute, which wants to maintain in a balanced force balance, formed the sides of the new force struggle of Turkey. Since the interests of the parties are consistently agreed and conflict from time to time, the Black Sea Pool, which is located at the crossroads of alternative energy sources between Asia and Europe, the ancient trade routes and the center of maritime domination of the region, is the scene of unexpected alliances and competitive groups. In this study, we will try to analyze the power struggle that has occurred in the last 30 years in the Black Sea Basin, and we will evaluate the priorities of foreign policy of the main actors who are in activity in the Basin.
After the end of the Cold War, the balance of power in the Black Sea Basin in the last century was disrupted. The region has attracted global interest and triggered conflicts of interest in addition to the existing tension since then. Not only asymmetrical but also hybrid characteristics unprecedented in history appeared due to the new power struggle in the regional hinterland across the Black Sea region and the periphery. The new power struggle concerns the distant actors of the new order as well as the regional actors. The parties of the new power struggle are as follows: the US, which aims to remain the hegemonic power unrivalled in the first period after the Cold War; EU, which desires to rehabilitate the Balkans and extend their borders to the Black Sea; Russian Federation, which claims the Black Sea and near Basin as its zone of dominance, being reluctant to see any foreign power in this area; and, Turkey, which hopes to keep the status quo in the region to continue the existing balance. Tsarist Russia knew that it could achieve its rise to the status of great power thanks to the domination of the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean. The interests of these countries occasionally face serious conflicts, whereas they sometimes compromise with each other. That is why the Black Sea at the crossroads of alternative energy lines and ancient trade routes connecting Asia and Europe has initiated unpredictable alliances and rivalries. This paper deals with the power struggle during the last 30 years in the Black Sea Basin and analyses the parameters of foreign policy priorities of certain outstanding actors in the region.
Alan : Güzel Sanatlar; Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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