Abstract:

Modernism, which is experienced as a natural process within its inner dynamics in the West, has been seen as a more ideological approach in non-Western societies and has manifested itself in the form of an imposition from above, following a cycle from above to below. This process of modernization, experienced and imposed under the given conditions, has also led to a deep breakdown as it has created a resistance in the community. In the examples of Turkey and Russia that we will address at this point, modernism, which is a result of the change and transformation process that occurs in the West, will be discussed as an experience as a project carried out by the elite, not within its own internal dynamics, while the "delayed modernity" of Gregory Jusdanis and the "alternative modernity" of the Nilüfer Lake will be discussed in the framework of the "external modernity" designs developed by concepts such as "multiple modernity", "alternative modernity", "local modernity". In the modernization processes that have gained the recognition of the history, culture and geography of the West, like every society in the history of the West, Turkey and Russia have also experienced a change and transformation within their traditional structures, creating a new culture for themselves and developing a modernity pattern for themselves. Finally, when it comes to the processes of modernization of the two "outwestern" societies, it will be seen that the concept of "outwestern modernity" can be referred to as the existence of many modernity experiences, rather than the center of the modernity experience, as these processes of modernization are interpreted by each society differently and in its own character, as the historical and cultural elements are determining in these comments.