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Yedinci yüzyıl Arap Yarımadası’nda yaşamış olan Hansâ (Tumâdir) bint ‘Amr, İslam öncesindeki ve İslam’ın ilk yıllarındaki en etkili şairlerden birisidir. Suleym kabilesine mensup olan Hansâ, mersiye sahasında, hiç kuşkusuz ki, zamanının en güçlü kadın şairidir. İslam öncesi toplumunda kadın şairlerin üstlenmiş olduğu rol, Hansâ örneğinde olduğu gibi, savaş meydanında şehit düşen kabile üyeleri için mersiye şiirleri nazmetmeleridir. Onun olağanüstü şöhreti, ağırlıklı olarak, Benû Suleym ile Benû Murra ve Benû Esed arasında gerçekleşen kabile çatışmalarında, İslamiyet’ten önce öldürülen kardeşleri Sahr ve Mu‘âviye için nazmettiği ağıtsal şiirlere dayanmaktadır. 629 senesinde, aşiretinin gönderdiği bir heyetle birlikte Medine’ye gelmiş, burada İslam Peygamberi Hz. Muhammed ile buluşmuş ve büyük bir hevesle yeni dini benimsemiştir. Onun şiirleri, İslâmî metinleri tefsir edebilmeleri için bozulmamış Arapçayı tetkik etmeleri lazım gelen Müslüman âlimlerce tedvin edilmiştir. Yadsınamaz şiirsel yeteneği bir kenara bırakıldığında, Hansâ’nın edebiyat sahasındaki ehemmiyeti, mersiye geleneğini, sec‘ yahut recez formlarının yerine, karîd nazmı seviyesine yükseltmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu sanat türünde ona üstünlük sağlayan metodolojisi, onun ardından risâ’ şiirlerinde klişeleştirilecektir. Hansâ’nın bir kadın figürü olarak Arap edebiyatında elde ettiği sağlam konum, son derece benzersizdir. Bu çalışmada Hansâ’nın mersiye şiirleri ve şiirsel üslubu bilimsel bir yöntemle incelenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra onun öne çıkan birkaç şiirinden örnekler sunulmuştur.
Amr, a seventh-century tribeswoman of the Arab Peninsula, was one of the most influential poets of the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods. Al-Khansā, of the tribe of Sulaym, was undoubtedly the most powerful elegant poetess of all time. In the pre-Islamic society, the role of a female poet, such as al-Khansā' was to compose elegies for the tribesmen who fell in the battlefield. Every extraordinary fame remains mainly on every elegant poetry composed for her two brothers, Sakhr and Mu'āwiya, who were killed in tribal skirmishes of Banū Sulaym with Banū Murra and Banū Asad predating Islam. She came to Medina in 629 with a deputation from each clan and met the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and fervently embraced the new religion. Every poetry was recorded by Muslim scholars who needed to study undegenerated Arabic in order to explain Islamic texts. The significance of al-Khansā, apart from every undeniable poetical talent, was originated from every instrumentality in raising elegiac tradition to the level of qarīd poetry instead of sadj' or radjaz. Every methodology, which assured her a superiority in this genre, became stereotyped in the rithā' poetry after her. The secure position of al-Khansā, as a female figure within the Arabic literature is extremely unique. In this study, the elegant poetry of al-Khansā’ and every poetical style are examined with a scientific method. In addition to this, a number of examples of each outstanding poems are given.
al-Khansā’ (Tumādir) bint ‘Amr, a seventh-century tribeswoman of the Arabian Peninsula, was one of the most influential poets of the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods. al-Khansā’, of the tribe of Sulaym, was undoubtedly the most powerful elegiac poetess of her time. In the pre-Islamic society, the role of a female poet, such as al-Khansā’ was to compose elegies for the tribesmen who fell in the battlefield. Her extraordinary fame rests in mainly on her elegiac poetry composed for her two brothers, Sakhr and Mu‘āwiya, who were killed in tribal skirmishes of Banū Sulaym with Banū Murra and Banū Asad predating Islam. She came to Medina in 629 with a deputation from her clan and met the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and fervently embraced the new religion. Her poetry was recorded by Muslim scholars who needed to study undegenerated Arabic in order to explicate Islamic texts. The significance of al-Khansā’, apart from her undeniable poetical talent, was originated from her instrumentality in raising elegiac tradition to the level of qarīd poetry instead of sadj‘ or radjaz. Her methodology, which assured her a superiority in this genre, became stereotyped in the rithā’ poetry after her. The secure position of al-Khansā’, as a female figure within the Arabic literature is extremely unique. In this study, the elegiac poetry of al-Khansā’ and her poetical style are examined with a scientific method. In addition to this, a number of examples of her outstanding poems are given.
Alan : İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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