Abstract:

Elements such as the economic, political, socio-cultural and demographic structure that form the foundation of a society experience a structural change and transformation process as a result of immigration. This change shows itself in different ways depending on the size and proportion of the migration. This applies to both immigrants and immigrants. Thus throughout history, the problem of migration and refugees has struck the economic, political and socio-cultural structures of the countries, and has led to root demographic changes and transformations. In this way, people have been forced to immigrate as they have voluntarily immigrated. This is of particular importance for Turkey. Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, it has accepted the Western civilization as a model for economic and socio-cultural progress. In this context, the West Bloc has made economic and political cooperation with its countries. In this regard, Germany made the direct recruitment of workers from the allied countries in which Turkey was included in 1961, in the framework of the "workers recruitment agreement". On the other hand, while Turkey is recognized as an immigrant country, it has faced an intense immigration wave that began with the Arab Spring in 2011. As a result, about 4 million people have migrated from Syria to Turkey. But for Turkey, the results of the migration to Europe in 1961 and the wave of migration from Syria in 2011 are observed great differences in terms of economic, socio-cultural and demographic structure. As a result of this immigration wave, Turkey has become the “immigrant country” instead of the “immigrant country”. In light of these basic perspectives, the concepts of the "Gurbetists" who migrated from Turkey to Germany and the "Syrians" who migrated from Syria to Turkey have been understood by a comparative analysis in the context of integration within the framework of economic and socio-cultural results.