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Seçimlerin yapılmadığı bir ülkede demokrasiden bahsedebilmek mümkün değildir. Ne var ki seçim olgusu tek başına demokrasiyi garanti etme de yeterli olmayacağı gibi seçimlerin belli ilkelerden yoksun olarak yapılması da seçimlerden beklenen amacın tahakkukunun önünde bir engeldir. Şu halde bir siyasal sistemin, demokratik sayılabilmesinin şartlarından birisi de, seçimlerin belli ilkeler doğrultusunda yapılmasıdır. Seçim kavramı ve olgusu bilindiği kadarıyla ilk olarak yüzyıllar önce Antik Yunan site devletlerinde ortaya çıkmış ve bu kavram ve olgu günümüze ulaşıncaya kadar birçok değişikliğe uğrayarak, gelişmiş ve değişmiştir. Tarihsel araştırma yöntemi ile hazırlanmış olan bu çalışma üç kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Birinci kısımda, seçim ve demokrasi kavramlarının ilk kez ortaya çıktığı Antik Çağ’daki düşünce ve pratikler ele alınmış, ikinci kısımda Orta Çağ’daki uygulamalar incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede Orta Çağ’daki seçim olgusu, Batı coğrafyası ile İslam ve Ortadoğu coğrafyası karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Orta Çağ’da Batı’da kilisenin ve Hıristiyanlığın seçim ile ilgili konulara bakış açıları değerlendirilmiş, daha sonra ise aynı dönemde İslam coğrafyasında, seçimler ile ilgili “Sünni”, “Şii” ve “Harici” ekollerin benzerliklerine ve farklılıklarına yer verilmiştir. Son kısımda ise modern dönemde Batı dünyasında ve Osmanlı’da seçimlerin nasıl ve hangi ilkeler doğrultusunda yapıldığı ve seçim olgusunun Türkiye’deki gelişimi anlatılmıştır.
It is impossible to speak of democracy in a country where no elections are held. However, the election fact alone will not be sufficient to guarantee democracy, and the election without certain principles is also a obstacle to the end of the objective expected from the elections. One of the conditions for a political system to be democratic is that elections are conducted in accordance with certain principles. The concept and the phenomenon of election, as well as known, first appeared in the ancient Greek site states centuries ago, and this concept and the phenomenon has been evolved and changed by many changes until the present day. This study, prepared by the method of historical research, consists of three parts. In the first part, the ideas and practices of the Ancient Age, where the concepts of election and democracy first appeared, were discussed, and in the second part, the practices of the Middle Ages were studied. In this framework, the election phenomenon in the Middle Ages was studied by comparing Western geography with Islam and the Middle East geography. In the Middle Ages, the views of the Church and Christianity’s elections in the West were evaluated, and then in the Islamic geography in the same period, the similarities and differences of the “Sunni”, “Shi” and “Hari” ecologists related to the elections were placed. The last part, however, describes how and according to what principles the elections were held in the Western world and in the Ottoman world in the modern era and the development of the election phenomenon in Turkey.
It is not possible to talk about the democracy in a country where elections are not held. However, the phenomenon of election is not enough to guarantee democracy by itself and the fact that elections are held without certain principles is an obstacle to the realization of the intended purpose of elections. In this case, one of the conditions for a political system to be considered democratic is that elections are held in accordance with certain principles.As far as is known, the concept and phenomenon of election first emerged centuries ago in the ancient Greek city states and this concept and phenomenon has undergone many changes, developed and changed until today.This study prepared with historical research method consists of three sections. In the first section, the ideas and practices in the Ancient Age, where the concepts of election and democracy first appeared, were discussed. In the second section, the implementations in the Middle Ages were examined. Within this scope, the phenomenon of election in the Middle Ages was examined by making a comparison between the Western geography and Islamic and Middle Eastern geographies. In the Middle Ages, the view points of the church and Christianity in the West on election-relate disuses were evaluated, and the similarities and differences of the “Sunni”, “Shiite” and “Kharijites” ecoles related to elections in the Islamic geography in the same period were discussed. In the last section, how and with what principles elections were held in the Western world and Ottoman in the modern period and the development of the phenomenon of election in Turkey were expressed.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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