Özet:

In the World War I and in the National Struggle Period following it, it was fought against the enemy in the front lines, on the other hand, it was also fought against the backwardness of the matter of education that left the country behind. Education, a social need, keeps the culture and character of the society. The modernization of education in Turkey has begun with the period of administrative reforms, the transition to the modern education system, however, has been carried out in the period of Republic. Even in National Struggle Period, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk mainly focused on removing ignorance and the necessity of education‟s expansion on the spacious mass. Transferring the strong and permanent values forming the nation‟s culture to younger generations and providing the continuity of national culture are among the most important missions of education. The other one is to carry out some changes demanded in behaviours of the society, to provide the society‟s development, improvement and becoming contemporaneous. In order to provide these developments, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk assembled in Ankara Education Congress even in independence years, on 15 June 1921, to make a program of national education works. According to the decisions made in this congress, the education program that is going to be made should correspond with the social and vital needs of Turkish nation and the requirements of the age. The decisions made in this congress has played an important role for the steps that will be taken about education later.

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