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Nevi şahsına münhasır tek örnek olan Avrupa Birliği (AB), 2. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında teknik alanda başlayan iş birliği alanlarının diğer sektörlere de yayılması ile günümüz supranasyonal yapısına sahip olmuştur. Neo-Fonksiyonalist bir perspektif ile kömür ve çelik sektörleri özelinde başlayan bu süreç, tarihsel rekabet alanlarının (Ruhr ve Saarland gibi) bir iş birliği alanı olarak değerlendirilmesini mümkün kılmış, kolektif ve ulus üstü yapının inşa edilmesinde tetikleyeci bir parametre işlevi görmüştür. Öyle ki Avrupa Kömür Çelik Topluluğu (AKÇT) üyeleri arasında kaldırılan gümrük duvarları, Spill Over etkisi göstererek ekonomik entegrasyonu ivmelendirmiş, Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu (AET) ve Avrupa Atom Enerjisi Topluluğu’nun (EURATOM) kurulması ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda üyeler arasında artan diyalog, güven ve iletişim bu toplulukların tek çatı altına toplanmasını gündeme getirmiş Füzyon Antlaşması (1967) ile, Avrupa Toplulukları (AT) adını almıştır. Topluluk üyelerinin artan refahı ve kazanç durumu, uluslararası sistemde meydana gelen gelişmeler diğer aktörlerin de AT’ye katılımını rasyonel kılmış, entegrasyon Take Off etkisi ile siyasi alanlara da yayılmıştır. Nihayetinde Avrupa Tek Senedi (ATS) ile entegrasyonun önündeki engellerin (iç pazar, rekabet koşulları, yasama vs.) çözümü için yeni bir düzenlemeye gidilmiş, parasal ve siyasi birlik için alt yapı hazırlıkları başlamış, Topluluk için 1980 yılı entegrasyon ve derinleşmenin mihenk taşı olmuştur. Sektörel bir alanda başlayan bu süreç Maastricht Anlaşması ile dallanma etkisi göstermiş ve AT, AB adını alarak ortak güvenlik ve dış politika, parasal ve siyasi alanlarda birlik kurmayı başarmıştır. Süreç içinde entegrasyona AB üyelerinin ulus devlet yapılarından kaynaklanan karşı koyuşlar olmasına rağmen AB, Avrupalı kimliğinin (AB vatandaşı) inşa edilmesine öncelik vermiş, Anayasal bağlamda bir ulus devleti andıracak bayrak, marş ve anayasa gibi girişimler ile üyeler arasında uyumu geliştirmeye çalışmıştır.
The European Union (EU) is the only example of the native person, 2. With the spread of the fields of cooperation that began in the technical field after the World War II to other sectors, it has had today’s supranational structure. This process, which began with a neo-functionalist perspective in particular in the coal and steel sectors, has made it possible to evaluate historical competition areas (such as Ruhr and Saarland) as a cooperation area, and has served as a trigger in the construction of collective and transnational structure. Thus, the tariff walls removed among the members of the European Coal Steel Community (ECST) have promoted economic integration by showing the Spill Over effect, resulting in the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). In this direction, the increasing dialogue, confidence and communication between the Members was established by the Treaty of Fusion (1967) which established the reunification of these communities under a single roof. The increasing well-being and profit status of the community members, the developments in the international system have made the participation of other actors in AT rational, the integration has spread to the political spheres with the Take Off effect. Finally, the European Single Senate (ATS) went to a new arrangement to solve the obstacles faced with integration (internal market, competition conditions, legislation, etc.) and began the sub-structure preparations for monetary and political unity, the 1980s for the Community became the stone of integration and deepening. This process, which began in a sectoral area, has shown a dulling effect with the Maastricht Agreement, and AT, taking the name of the EU, has managed to unite in common security and foreign policy, monetary and political areas. Though the process of integration has been opposed by the structures of the national state of the EU members, the EU has given priority to the construction of the European identity (EU citizen), and in the constitutional context has tried to improve the consistency between the members and initiatives such as the flag, marsh and the constitution that will look like a national state.
The European Union (EU), which is the only unique example, has today's supranational structure with the spread of cooperation areas that started in the technical field after the 2nd World War to other sectors. This process, which started with a neo-functionalist perspective in the coal and steel sectors, made it possible to evaluate historical competition areas (such as Ruhr and Saarland) as an area of cooperation, and served as a triggering parameter in the construction of a collective and supranational structure. So much so that the customs walls that were lifted between the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) accelerated the economic integration by showing the Spill Over effect and resulted in the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). In this direction, increasing dialogue, trust and communication among the members brought these communities together under a single roof, and with the Fusion Treaty (1967), it was named European Communities (EC). The increasing welfare and earnings of the members of the community, the developments in the international system made it rational for other actors to participate in the EC, and the integration spread to political areas with the effect of Take Off. Finally, with the Single European Act (SEA), a new arrangement was made to solve the obstacles to integration (internal market, competition conditions, legislation, etc.), infrastructure preparations for monetary and political union began, 1980 was the cornerstone of integration and deepening for the Community. This process, which started in a sectoral area, showed a branchingeffect with the Maastricht Agreement and the EC succeeded in establishing a unity in the common security and foreign policy, monetary and political fields by taking the name of the EU. Despite the opposition to the integration arising from the nation-state structures of the EU members in the process, the EU gave priority to the construction of the European identity (EU citizenship), and tried to develop harmony among the members with initiatives such as a flag, anthem and constitution that would resemble a nation-state in the constitutional context.
Alan : Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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