Abstract:

The development of microbial communities in the human gastrointestinal tract begins immediately after birth. Human gut microbiota is comprised of the millions of bacterial microbial communities that are effective in protecting the health of the host organism and share the common site with the host. At the same time, the mucus layer formed by the epithelial cells surrounding the intestinal surface protects intestines against intestinal external factors and meets the microbiota’s need for nutrition. It was found recently that one of the intestinal bacteria isolated from human fecal samples, Akkermansia muciniphila, meets the need for nutrition of itself and other bacteria by grafting to the mucus layer and providing the monomer by degrading mucin which is the main component of mucus. Akkermansia muciniphila, which has positive effects on human gut microbiota, decreases in microbiota in the presence of certain chronic diseases. Recent studies have shown that decreasing amounts of Akkermansia muciniphila was also found in the feces samples of individuals with chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, and as well as found in the gastrointestinal tract, too.

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