Abstract:

The experimental methods used in the behavioral economy are not only to ensure that the basic assumptions of standard theory are tested in the experimental environment, but also to measure the sensitivity of the preferences considered consistent and unchanging in every condition and in every corporate structure according to the standard theories to simple changes in the experimental philosophy. In this regard, gender-based preference differences observed in economic laboratory and field experiments have a special importance: the ignorance of the behavioral differences between female and male subjects in simple and abstract experiments, the forms of establishment of experiments and the socio-cultural structures to which subjects belong, can lead to their use as a means of legitimacy for female and male inequality in society and in the business, outside the academic environments. Therefore, in this study, the behavioral differences that men and women present in the experimental environment, the potential framework effects, the scientific and cultural factors of the society, were discussed. In general, risk behavior, attitude toward competition and the results of social preference experiments are largely influenced by the frameworking effects and the social gender standards in the societies in which subjects are chosen. The differences observed in risk-taking behaviors depend on the context in which the decisions taken are made and the economic preferences encountered in real life are defined within a certain context, it may be wrong to expect the attitudes shown in the abstract chance games in the experimental environment to continue in the business life. It has also been shown that the risk behavior of women from the ancestral communities is significantly different from that of women from the ancestral communities. In competitive preference experiments, the potential loss of economic efficiency caused by women’s avoidance behavior can be eliminated when women are guaranteed equal representation, and this positive effect can also undermine the economic costs of positive discrimination. At the same time, as in risk behavior, the findings that women are more willing to compete in native communities than men indicate that women in native communities’ avoidance behavior is largely cultural. In social preference experiments, female candidates were observed more sensitive to changes in the experimental environment than men, and the discriminatory attitude that female candidates showed to other female candidates disappeared when the social gap between candidates decreased and the female solidarity was strengthened.