Özet:

The subject of this study is how the power, sex, and status in Anatolia could be determined in the light of burial traditions. In this study, the skull cult dated to Neolithic Age; simple earth graves, chamber tombs, ceremony in royal tombs, different burial groups such as collective burials with traces of violence dated to Early Bronze Age according to the tomb types and their finds; and rock-cut tombs and tumuli in the Iron Age were studied as samples in Anatolia, ranging from the Neolithic Age to the end of the Iron Age. The literature on burial traditions to identify power, status, and sex, bioarchaeological studies and social anthropological literature are researched. The aim of the study is to develop an approach to determine gender, power and status in the identification process of the individual in the light of burial traditions. The importance of burial customs in understanding past communities and identifying the individual has been evaluated in the light of skull cult, grave types, prestige objects, mass burial (traces of violence), evidence of burial ceremonies, bioarchaeology, archeothanatology, osteobiography, and aDNA analysis. As a result, it is of great significance to observe the grave finds correctly in determining the identities. Each grave or individual has different characteristics. A good understanding of the culture to which the grave belongs is significant in commenting on the grave finds. Comparison of burial type, location, and finds in the same culture help indicate the differences between individuals. In addition, ethnographic data are significant sources for understanding some practices in light of similar practices in archaic communities. It seems that an interdisciplinary approach is essential to archaeological sciences and anthropology. It has significance in better understanding its processes before, during, and after burial in a grave in the identification of the individual.

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