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İslâm tarihinde Hz. Peygamber’den sonra sırasıyla Hz. Ebû Bekir (öl. 13/634), Hz. Ömer (öl. 23/644), Hz. Osman (öl. 35/656) ve Hz. Ali (öl. 40/661) ilk İslâm devletinin idaresini üstlenmiştir. Hulefâ-i râşidîn olarak bilinen bu dört halifenin arkasından Muâviye b. Ebî Süfyân (öl. 60/680) hilafet makamına geçmiştir. Miladi 630 tarihinde, Mekke’nin fethi esnasında babası Ebû Süfyân (öl. 31/651-52) ile birlikte Müslüman olan Hz. Muâviye, Hz. Peygamber’e (sav) iki yıl sahâbîlik etmiştir. Zekâsı, kabiliyeti, özel eğitimi ve aileden tevarüs ettiği yöneticilik yeteneği ile temayüz eden Hz. Muâviye, Hz. Ömer döneminde Şam bölgesinde bir yerleşim birimine vali olarak atanmış, Hz. Osman döneminde ise bölgenin umumi valisi olmuştur. Hz. Ali ile girdiği iktidar mücadelesinden galibiyetle çıkan Hz. Muâviye yirmi yıl süren valilik görevinden sonra yirmi yıl da halifelik yapmıştır. Onun döneminde fütuhat hareketleri ile birlikte İslâm coğrafyasında önemli gelişmeler olmuştur. O, bütün bu çabaları ve başarıları neticesinde dostlar kazandığı gibi düşmanlar da kazanmıştır. Özellikle Hz. Ali ile olan siyasi çekişmeleri belli çevrelerde Hz. Muâviye’ye olan düşmanlığın artmasına neden olmuştur. Hz. Ali-Muâviye kutuplaşması neticesinde sevenleri Hz. Muâviye lehine, sevmeyenleri de aleyhine hadisler uydurmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada Hz. Muâviye’nin lehinde ve aleyhinde kayıtlı bazı meşhur hadisler sened ve metin yönüyle incelenmiştir. Onu öven ve yeren bu hadislerin önemi, kaynağı, ortaya çıkış zamanı, sahih ve sabit olup olmadıkları üzerinde durulmuştur.
The Islamic History of Hz. after the Prophet. and the death of Abû Bekir. 13/634 and Hz. The death (the death). 23 / 644), Hz. Osman is dead. 35/656 and Hz. Ali is dead. 40/661) took over the administration of the first Islamic State. Thus, the four worshippers are known as the worshippers, and the four worshippers are known as the worshippers. 60/680 has been transferred to the office. In 630s, during the conquest of Mecca, his father Abu Sufyan (dead. 31/651-52 with the Muslim Hz. and HZZ. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had two years. His intelligence, skill, special education and the managerial ability he possesses from the family. and HZZ. He was appointed as a governor to a settlement unit in the Damascus region during the time of Omer. During the Ottoman period, he was the general governor of the region. by Hz. He was in the struggle with Ali in the struggle with Ali. After 20 years of office, he was also a chairman for 20 years. During his period, there have been significant developments in the Islamic geography along with the fituhat movements. He won the enemy as well as the friends as well as the successes of all these efforts. Especially the Hz. The political disputes with Ali in certain circles. This has led to an increase in hostility to Muavi. by Hz. Those who love the worship of the worship of God. And they have made them to the unbelievers, and to the unbelievers. in this work. Some of the famous hadits in favour and against Muâviye were studied in the direction of Sened and Text. He is the one who has the right, the one who has the right, the one who has the right, the one who has the right, the one who has the right, the one who has the right, the one who has the right, the one who has the right, the one who has the right, and the one who has the right.
In the history of Islam, after the Prophet Muahammad (pbh), Abū Bakr (d. 13/634), ʽUmar (d. 23/644), ʽUthmān (d. 35/656) and ʽAli (d. 40/661) who are four chalips undertook the administration of the first Islamic state. After these four known as Rightly Guided Caliphs, Muʽāwiya b. Abī Sufyān (d. 60/680) passed to the position of caliphate. In 630 AD, during the conquest of Mecca, Muʽāwiya, who became Muslim with his father Abū Sufyān (d. 31 / 651-52), was friends with the Prophet for two years. Muʽāwiya, distinguished by his intelligence, talent, special education, and managerial skills that he inherited from the family was appointed governor of settlement in Damascus during the reign of ʽUmar. During the ʽUthmān period, he became the general governer of the region. After serving as governor for twenty years, he served as a caliph for twenty years. During his period, the movements of futures accelerated, the borders of the country reached from Bukhāra to Kayravan, from Yemen to Istanbul, from Armenia to beyond the Ceyhun River. As a result of all these efforts and successes, he gained both friend and enemy. Especially the political conflicts with ʽAli caused an increase in the hostility towards Muʽāwiya in certain cirsles. As a result of ʽAli-Muʽāwiya polarization, those who like him concocted ḥadiths in favor of Muʽāwiya and those who do not like him against him. In this study, some famous ḥadiths, which are varits in favor and against Muʽāwiya, are examined in terms of promissory notes and texts. The importance of these ḥadiths that praise and revile him, their source, the time of their emergence, whether they are authentic or fixed, are emphasized.
Field : İlahiyat
Journal Type : Ulusal
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