Özet:

This study aims to analyze the historical development processes, the ideological foundations and characteristics of Basque ethnicity in Spain. In this context, the reasons under the Bask ethnic nationalism movement have been understood and tried to be illuminated, taking into account the historical development processes as well. The study also emphasized how the Bask ethnic nationalism movement was exposed to a radicalization by the ETA terrorist organization. The study concluded that the Basque ethnic nationalism movement initially began as a reaction to elements that are not directly related to ethnic demands such as modernization, centralization, economic and social injustice, but that it has become radical over time and has become an ideology that defends ethnic discrimination. In the event of this transformation, it has also been seen that the ETA terrorist organization is a significant part of the terrorist actions based on the action-pressure-action strategies and the shortcomings that the central Spanish state demonstrates when fighting these terrorist actions. The study also concluded that although the democratization movements implemented in Spain over different periods have been effective in the reduction of ethnic violence, it has not been able to eliminate the demands for separation completely.

Anahtar Kelimeler: