Özet:

In the Islamic civilization, a great importance was given to mechanical engineering practices in the field of military industry. It takes into consideration a rich shell terminology in the pre-Anadolu and especially the Ottoman period's resellings. But this topic that we have quite detailed information before and after is completely unknown in the Anatolian Middle Ages. In this regard, Ibn Erenboğa, such as Tarsusî, the stories and drawings of medieval engineers have reached today. From these engineering risals, we can learn the names of launching machines such as arrade, square, swing. It is often referred to in the Qur’an, in the Qur’an, in the Qur’an, and in the Qur’an. Of these, the crossbow in western literature and the tsarh, referred to as kavs-al rijl in Arabic sources, is a gun of the Kundak-like pear class. It is the same as Zimbabve. The species that can be used by the horse ridders in the shells of the Memluk period is the name of kavs ar-rikab. However, it is clear that the type of car that requires a square (bocurgated) system is not very suitable for horses. Basically an instrument of the type "crossbow" is a wheel/wheel that is a different tool than the horse "foot foot". Arrade is an instrument of the class of mankind. Usually stone roses are thrown. There are many different kinds of stones that can be thrown on long distances, such as the Mancınık-i endâz, the Arrâde-i endâz, or the Neft-i endâz, which can be thrown on long distances. The knowledge of the ends of these machines is very limited. Especially for the Islamic period, this issue remains completely unknown. It is clear that some of the ends (temrenes) taken in the caves belonging to the Anadolu Selçuklu period are for this type of war tools. This article will discuss the characteristics of the instruments concerned and the ends (temrenes) found in the Middle Ages, such as Samsat, Kubad-abad, which belongs to these instruments. Keywords: Tsarh, zemberek, Selçuklu, Kubadabad, temren, end.

Özet:

Islamic civilizations paid a great importance to mechanical engineering applications in the field of military technology. Pre-Anatolian and especially Ottoman pamphlets contain a rich collection of archery terminology. This issue sank into oblivion, however, during the Medieval Anatolian era, despite the array of publications in the anterior and posterior periods. On this account, the narrative and drawings of medieval engineers such as İbn Erenboğa and Tarsusî have survived. Through these enginerring treatises, we became accustomed to the terminoloy of throwing machine such as arrade, carh, zemberek. In İbn Bîbî’s Selcukname, arrade, carh and zemberek are often mentioned. The Carh known as crossbow in western literature and kavs-al rijl in Arab literature, is a weapon belonging to the category of the sort of swaddle bow. It was used as a synonym to zemberek. In the arrow treatises of the Mamluk period used by the cavalry, it was called kavs-ar-rikab. However, it seems that this roller (capstan) type of the carh is not suitable for cavalry. In actual fact, the carh, as a type of crossbow, is a different weapon from the mounted ‘tension spring’ one. Arrade is a type of catapult weapon that usually throws stone balls. Arrade that could throw stones over a long distance was of different types as attested by the expression Mancınık-ı endâz, Arrâde-i endâz or Neft-i endâz found in the Mübareksah’s military treatise. The information we have about the barbs of these machines is very limited. Especially for the Islamic period, this issue remains completely unknown. It is understood that some of the barbs (temren) uncovered by excavations dating from the period of Anatolian Seljuks belong to these weapons. This paper will discuss the specificities of these weapon and of their discovered in the medieval ruins as Samsat and Kubad-abad. Keywords: Type of crossbows, zemberek, Seljuks, Kubadabad, arrowhead, bolt.

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