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Abbasi Devleti’nin 945 yılında siyasi ve iktisadi açıdan bunalım içerisine girdiği dönemde Şii Büveyhi Devleti’nin Bağdat’ı ele geçirmesi, İslam dünyasında Sünni-Şii çatışmasının şiddetlenmesine neden olmuştur. Abbasi Devleti’ne karşı Kuzey Afrika’da kurulan Şii Fatımi Devleti’nin Abbasilerin siyasi, dini ve iktisadi açıdan zayıflaması için Büveyhiler Devleti’ne destek vermesi, Abbasi Devleti’ni müşkül bir durumda bırakmıştır. Ayrıca Bağdat’ta Büveyhiler, Mısır ve Suriye’de Fatımilerin Ehli Sünnet akidesine ters düşen birtakım uygulamaları, mezhep çatışmalarının yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Selçukluların kudretinin yayılmaya başladığı dönemde Sünnilerin hamiliğini üstlenmeye başlaması karşısında oldukça rahatsız olan Büveyhiler, Abbasi Halifesi başta olmak üzere Sünnileri baskı altına almaya başlamıştır. Bağdat’ta Büveyhiler’in baskısı karşısında zor durumda kalan Abbasi Halifesi, Tuğrul Bey’i Bağdat’a davet etmiştir. 1055 yılında Bağdat’a gelen Tuğrul Bey’i Abbasi veziri ve Büveyhi Sultanı Melikü’r Rahim’in büyük bir törenle karşılaması, Şiileri oldukça rahatsız etmiştir. Nitekim ertesi gün pazarda alışveriş yapan Selçuklu askerleri ile halk arasında yaşanan tartışma büyük bir olaya dönüşmüştür. Tuğrul Bey, bu olayların yaşanmasında sorumlu olarak gördüğü Melikü’r Rahim’in huzuruna gelmesi için eman vermiştir. Melikü’r Rahim ve erkânı, Tuğrul Bey’in huzuruna çıktıktan sonra derdest edilerek hapsedilmiştir. Böylece Büveyhilerin İslam dünyası üzerindeki etkisi tamamen ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Büveyhiler’den sonra İslam dünyasının hamisi olan Selçuklular, Büveyhiler döneminde Ehli Sünnet akidesine ters düşen birtakım uygulamalara son vererek mezhep çatışmalarının sona ermesini sağlamıştır. İlerleyen süreçlerde Şii Fatımiler, Bağdat’ı yeniden Şiiliğin merkezi haline getirmek istemesine rağmen başarılı olamamıştır
During the period in which the Abbasi State entered a political and economic disaster in 945, the Shia Buvey State's conquest of Baghdad has led to the intensification of the Sunni-Shia conflict in the Islamic world. The establishment of the Shiite Fatima State in North Africa against the Abbasi State, supporting the Buvehish State for the political, religious and economic weakening of the Abbasi, has left the Abbasi State in a confident state. Furthermore, a number of practices in Baghdad, the Buvehists, the Fatimists in Egypt and Syria that are contrary to the Sunnah Act have caused religious conflicts to occur. In the period in which the power of the Selchucks began to spread, the Buveyhians, who were quite discomforted in the face of the Sunnians began to take over pregnancy, began to take the Sunnians under pressure, primarily Abbasi Halifesi. In Baghdad, the Abbasi Khalifa, who was in difficult condition in the face of the pressures of the Buvehites, invited Mr. Tuğrul to Baghdad. The grand ceremony of the welcome of Mr. Tuğrul, who arrived in Baghdad in 1055 by Abbasi and the Sultane Melikü'r Rahim, the Shiites were quite troubled. In fact, the debate between the Selçuklu soldiers and the people who were shopping on the market the next day became a big event. He is the one who gives righteousness to the Lord, the one who gives righteousness to the Lord, the one who gives righteousness to the Lord. He was sent to prison after he was sentenced to death, and after he was sentenced to death, he was sentenced to death. Thus, the influence of the Buvehians on the Islamic world has been completely eliminated. The Selchuklists, who were the worshippers of the Islamic world after the Buveyhists, made it possible to end their religious conflicts by ending a number of practices that were opposed to the Ehli Sünnet agreement during the Buveyhists period. In the progressive processes, the Shiite Fatimists did not succeed, although they wanted to make Baghdad the center of Shiite.
During the period when the Abbasid State was in crisis political and economic terms in 945, the Shia Buwayhid State’s seizured Baghdad and thus Sunni-Shiite conflict intensified in the Islamic world. A number of practices that are in contradiction with the People of the Sunnah Buwayhids in Baghdad, the Ahl al-Sunnah of Egypt, and the Fatimids in Syria have led to sectarian conflicts. During the period when the power of the Seljuks began to spread, Buwayhids, who were very disturbed by the fact that the Sunnis started to take over the patronage, started to oppress the Sunnis, especially the Abbasid Caliph. The Abbasid Caliph, who was in a difficult situation due to the pressure of Buwayhids in Baghdad, invited Tuğrul Bey to Baghdad. The meeting of Tuğrul Bey, who came to Baghdad in 1055, to the Abbasid vizier and Buwayhid Sultan Melikürr Rahim with a great ceremony, disturbed the Shiites. As a matter of fact, the debate between the Seljuk soldiers who shop in the market the next day and the public has turned into a big event. Tuğrul Bey issued a decree to come to the presence of Melikü’r Rahim, whom he considered responsible for the occurrence of these events. Melikü’r Rahim and his fore comers were imprisoned after he appeared before Tuğrul Bey. Thus, the influence of Buwayhids on the Islamic world was completely eliminated. The Seljuks, the patron of the Islamic world after Buwayhids, ended the sectarian conflicts by ending a series of practices that were contrary to the Ahl al-Sunnah creed. In the forthcoming processes, the Shia Fatimids even they wanted to make Baghdad the center of Shiite again, could not succeed. Keywords: Seljuks, Buwayhids, Abbasids, Baghdad, Sunnis, Shiites
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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