Özet:

One of the most important insects in the world is Apis mellifera, which shows a critical role in different environmental conditions. For thousands of years, diverse honeybee products have been used to cure human ailments in many civilizations, and their curative effects have been mentioned in several holy books. The worker bees and queen produce an apitoxin, which is a cytotoxic and colorless liquid of hemotoxic bitter. The bee venom or apitoxin contains different sugars, volatile pheromones, phospholipids, enzymes, peptides, amino acids, minerals, proteins, and other bioactive compounds. The present review aims to collect more information about the history of honeybee venom and its medicinal uses. The apitoxin or bee venom is medicinally utilized to control different human diseases such as cancer, fibrotic disease, liver fibrosis, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, arthritis, HIV, and Lyme disease. The first report on the application of bee venom to treat human ailments was published in 1888, when European clinical research was conducted to determine the efficacy of honeybee venom in treating rheumatic disorders. According to several studies published in different scientific journals, honeybee venom has been applied to control different human diseases for several centuries. Thus, it can be decided that bee venom can be a potential future biomedicine to control different diseases such as cancer.

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