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Amaç- İlk olarak 2019 yılının Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkan ve COVID-19 olarak bilinen Koronavirüsün sebep olduğu salgın hastalık, kısa sürede bütün dünyayı sağlık, ekonomi, iş hayatı, sosyal hayat ve eğitim gibi pek çok alanda etkilemiştir. Koronavirüs, halehahazırda hızlı bir dönüşüm yaşamakta olan perakende sektörünü, daha da hızlı bir şekilde sanal ortama kaydırmıştır. Bu dönüşüm sürecinin en önemli aktörleri olarak, e-ticaret ve kargo firmaları görülebilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, pandemi döneminde değişen tüketici davranışları nedeniyle e-ticarate alan ilginin artması ve bu davranış değişimi sonuçlarının taşınan kargo miktarına yansımalarının incelenmesi açalanmıştır. Yöntem- Bu çalışmada internet kullanımı, e-ticaret hacmi ve kargo sektörüne olan etkileri, Dünya ile karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular- Pandemi süreciyle birlikte, internet kullanıcı sayısı tüm dünya nüfusuna göre %60 seviyesine ulaşırken, 18-44 yaş grubu internet kullanıcılarının %80’nini oluşturmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde 2015 yılında toplam perakende hacmi için e-ticaretin payı %7.90 iken, bu oran 2019 yılında %12.30’a çıkmıştır. Bu oran Dünya geneli için 2015 yılında %7.40 iken, 2020 yılında %16 ve 2023 yılında %22 olması tahmin edilmektedir.Dünya e-ticaret satış gelirleri 2014 yılında 1.3 trilyon USD ve 2019 yılında 3.5 trilyon USD olarak gerçekleşmiş ve 2023 yılı için 6.5 trilyon USD olarak tahmin edilmektedir. 2019 yılının ilk 6 aylık döneminde yurtiçi e-ticaret satış hacmi 83.3 milyar TL iken, 2020 yılının ilk 6 aylık döneminde 91.7 milyar TL olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Yurtiçi taşınan kargo sayısı, 2019 yılına göre yaklaşık 3 kat katış gösteriken, artan ihtiyacı karşılamak için kargo firmaları önemli sayıda ilave personel istihdam etmiştir. PAndemi döneminde en fazla sipariş verşlen ürünlerin, hijyen ve spor ürünleri olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç- Kargo yoğunluğu, yeni projeler haricinde yeni anlayışların doğmasına neden olmuştur.Özellikle pandemi süreci firmalara e-ticarete yönelmenin ticari faaliyetlerinin devamlılığı adına hayati öneme sahip olduğunu göstermiş ve firmalar kendi e-ticaret sitelerini kurma yanında belli başlı e-ticaret platformlarının tedarikçisi olma eğilimine girmişlerdir.Sektördeki bu ihtiyacı gören girişimciler (Özellikle kolay bozulabilir market ürünlerinin teslimi konusunda ) yeni yeni modeller geliştirerek gün içinde hatta (20 dakika – 30 dakika gibi zaman taahhütleri ile) teslimat modelleri geliştirmişlerdir.Sonuç olarak , içinde bulunulan geçici / kalıcı durumların , toplumsal olayların yaşam tarzından alışveriş alışkanlıklarına kadar tüm süreçleri değiştirebildiği bu durumların ticari zihniyetlere/faaliyetlere yön verebildiği anlaşılmaktadır.Pandeminin olası etkilerinin 2021 yılında da süregeleceği tahmin edilmektedir. Yaşanan dijital dönüşüm, pandemi ile beraber birkaç yıl daha geriye çekilmiş ve hızlanmıştır.
The epidemic disease caused by the coronavirus, known as COVID-19, which occurred in China in December 2019, has shortly affected the world in many areas, including health, economy, business, social life and education. The coronavirus has moved the retail industry, which is experiencing a rapid transformation in the field, even faster into the virtual environment. As the most important actors in this transformation process, e-commerce and shipping companies can be seen. In the context of this study, the increased interest in the e-commerce field due to the changing consumer behavior during the pandemic period and the study of the effects of this behavior change reflect on the amount of cargo transferred. Method- In this study, the use of the internet, the volume of e-commerce and the impact on the shipping industry, were analyzed comparatively to the World. With the pandemic process, the number of internet users reached 60% of the world’s entire population, while the age group of 18-44 accounts for 80% of the internet users. The share of e-commerce for the total retail volume in the developed countries in 2015 was 7.90%, while this rate rose to 12.30% in 2019. This rate is estimated to be 7.40% for the global in 2015, 16% in 2020 and 22% in 2023.World e-commerce sales revenues were 1.3 trillion USD in 2014 and 3.5 trillion USD in 2019 and is estimated to be 6.5 trillion USD in 2023. In the first six months of 2019, the volume of domestic e-commerce sales was 83.3 billion TL, while in the first six months of 2020 it was 91.7 billion TL. The number of domestic transported cargoes, which is about 3 times greater than in 2019, has employed a significant number of additional staff to meet the increased need by the cargo companies. In the period of Pandemi, the most ordered products, hygiene and sports products have been seen. The intensity of the cargo has led to the birth of new concepts except for new projects.In particular, the pandemic process has shown that e-commerce is vital for the continuity of commercial activities and companies have tended to be the supplier of certain main e-commerce platforms in addition to establishing their own e-commerce sites. Entrepreneurs in the industry who see this need (especially in the case of the delivery of easy-to-destruction market products) have developed new models during the day and even delivery models (with time commitments such as 20 minutes to 30 minutes).As a result, it is clear that the temporary/permanent situations in which social events can change all processes from lifestyle to shopping habits can be directed to commercial mentalities/activities.The potential effects of the pandemic are expected to continue in 2021. The digital transformation has been pulled back and accelerated for several years along with the pandemic.
Purpose- The pandemic caused by the coronavirus, known as COVID-19, which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has affected the whole world in many areas such as health, economy, business life, social life and education. The coronavirus has moved the retail industry, which is currently undergoing a rapid transformation, to the virtual environment even more rapidly. E-commerce and cargo companies can be seen as the most important actors of this transformation process. Within the scope of this study, the increased interest in e-commerce due to changing consumer behavior during the pandemic period and the reflection of these behavior change resulting on the amount of cargo transported are examined. Methodology- In this study, internet usage, e-commerce volume and its effects on the cargo sector are analyzed in comparison with the world. Findings- With the pandemic process, the number of internet users reached 60% of the whole world population, while the 18-44 age group constitutes 80% of internet users. While the share of e-commerce for the total retail volume in developed countries was 7.90% in 2015, this rate increased to 12.30% in 2019. While this rate was 7.40% in 2015 for the world in general, it is estimated to be 16% in 2020 and 22% in 2023. World e-commerce sales revenues were 1.3 trillion USD in 2014 and 3.5 trillion USD in 2019, and 6.5 trillion USD to be estimated. While the domestic e-commerce sales volume was 83.3 billion TL in the first 6 months of 2019, it was 91.7 billion TL in the first 6 months of 2020. The number of domestic cargoes transported approximately 3 times compared to 2019, and cargo companies employed a significant number of additional personnel to meet the increasing need. It was observed that the most ordered products were hygiene and sports products during the pandemic period. Conclusion- Heavy workload of cargo has led to the emergence of new insights apart from the new projects. Especially the pandemic process has shown companies that turning to e-commerce is vital for the continuity of their commercial activities and companies have tended to be the supplier of major e-commerce platforms as well as establishing their own e-commerce sites. Seeing this need in the sector, entrepreneurs (especially for the delivery of perishable grocery products) developed new models and developed delivery models even during the day (with time commitments such as 20 minutes - 30 minutes). It is understood that these situations can change all processes from style to shopping habits and can direct commercial mentalities / activities. The possible effects of the pandemic are expected to continue in 2021. With the pandemic, the experienced digital transformation has retreated a few more years and accelerated.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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