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Osmanlı Devleti, Avrupa devletleriyle girdiği savaşlardan 17. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru mağlubiyetler almaya başladı. Aldığı mağlubiyetler, büyük toprak kayıplarını beraberinde getirdi. Mağlubiyetlerin ana nedeni olarak çağdaşı olan devletlerden geri kalındığının kabul edilmesiyle, bir takım ıslahat hareketleri yapıldı. Bunlardan biri de yurtdışına öğrenci gönderimiydi. Osmanlı Devleti’nin yıkıldığı döneme kadar var olan bu eğitim politikası, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduğunda da devam ettirildi. Dönem şartları gereği ihtiyaç duyulan düzenlemelerle İkinci Dünya Savaşı’na kadar uygulama kesintisiz ilerledi. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın 1939 yılında başlamasıyla birlikte savaşan devletlerin farklı şehirleri ve kurumlarında eğitim gören Türk öğrencilerin durumları kaygı uyandırdı çünkü eğitim alınan ülkelerdeki her bölge, doğrudan çatışma alanıydı. Var olan risklerden dolayı öğrenciler ya Türkiye’ye getirilmek ya da eğitimleri kesintiye uğramasın diye başka ülkelere sevk edilmek istenmiştir. Savaşın ağır etkileri altında öğrencileri kimi zaman aynı ülke içerisinde bile hareket ettirmek son derece güçken Türkiye, işte bu şartlar altında yurtdışında bulunan öğrencilerini güvende tutmak için büyük çaba harcamıştır. Bu yazıda Türk öğrencilerin hem yurtdışında yaşadıkları sorunlar hem de Türkiye’nin 1939-1940 yıllarında izlediği yurtdışı eğitim politikası ele alınacaktır. Çalışmada Cumhurbaşkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi, İngiliz ve Amerikan Arşivleri, yerli ve yabancı basın ile birçok tetkik eserden yararlanılmıştır.
The Ottoman state began to gain defeats by the end of the 17th century from the wars it entered with European states. His defeats brought with him great land losses. With the recognition that the main cause of defeats was the retreat from the states, a series of relief movements were carried out. One of them was sending students abroad. This education policy, which existed until the time the Ottoman State was destroyed, was continued when the Republic of Turkey was established. The implementation continued without interruption until World War II, with the necessary arrangements due to the period conditions. The situation of Turkish students who were trained in the different cities and institutions of the fighting states with the beginning of the Second World War in 1939 raised concern because every region of the trained countries was the area of direct conflict. Students are asked to be brought to Turkey or to be transferred to other countries so that their education is not interrupted. Under the severe effects of the war, it is extremely difficult to move students sometimes even within the same country, while Turkey has made a great effort to keep students abroad safe under these conditions. This article will discuss the problems that Turkish students experience both abroad and the foreign education policy that Turkey followed in the years 1939-1940. In the study, the Presidential Republic Archive, the British and American Archives, domestic and foreign press and many inspection works have been used.
The Ottoman State had begun to suffer defeats from the wars it entered into with the European states towards the end of the 17th century. The defeats he received brought with them great territorial losses. With the recognition that the main reason for the defeats was the lagging back from the states that were contemporaries, a number of reform movements were made. One of them was the sending of students abroad. This educational policy, which existed until the period of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, was continued when the Republic of Turkey was established. With the regulations required by the conditions of the period, the application proceeded without interruption until the Second World War. With the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, the situation of Turkish students studying in different cities and institutions of the warring states aroused concern, because every region in the countries where they received education was a direct conflict zone. Due to the existing risks, students were asked either to be brought to Turkey or to be transferred to other countries so that their education would not be interrupted. While it is sometimes extremely difficult to move students even within the same country under the severe effects of the war, Turkey has made great efforts to keep its students abroad safe under these conditions. In this article, both the problems experienced by Turkish students abroad and the foreign education policy of Turkey between 1939 and 1940 will be discussed. In the study, Presidency Republic Archive, British and American Archives, local and foreign press and many research works were used.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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