Özet:

In this study, the various uses of the sign words in Turkish, for the first time, have been studied by separating them from the status, perceptive and text-related characteristics. In the conditional use (in the use indicating the objects in the conditional context), this and these words show a distribution characteristic different from that; this and this indicates the messenger within the speaker's field, while it indicates the messenger left outside the speaker's field. In the perceptive use (in the use of the sign word based on the common knowledge of the speaker and the listener), the distribution of these and those sign words in a manner similar to the situation use is sensitive to the speaker's field concept. In the use of the text (in the use of the sign word, in which the word is sent to a predecessor or to an ad message in the speech), it marks a suggestion that comes before it, a ad message that comes before it. Furthermore, that sign word has the characteristic of being a logical variable not seen in this word, linked by a calculator. The findings of the study show us the following about the Turkish sign word series: (a) in the case of use, the Turkish sign word shows a bilateral contradiction relationship (this is / o) which is close to two orders, (b) in the perceptive and text-related use of the Turkish sign word, the bilateral contradiction orders (this / o in the algorithm use and the text-related use of the 'this / o' orders) appear.

Özet:

In this study, various usages of modern Turkish demonstratives have been first time examined by dividing into situational, recognitional and anaphoric characteristics. In the situational use (in a demonstrative use which indicates an object in the situational context), bu and şu show a distinctive distributional property unlike the demonstrative o: Bu and şu refer to the object which is within the speaker’s space while o refers to the object which is outside of the speaker’s space. In the recognitional use (in a demonstrative use which is based on a specific shared knowledge between the interlocutors), the distribution of the demonstratives şu and o are sensitive to the concept of speaker’s space like their situational counterparts. In the text-dependent use (in a use where a demonstrative refers to a proposition or a noun phrase in the discourse), bu marks a proposition and o marks a noun phrase in the preceding discourse. Besides, unlike the demonstrative bu, o has a feature of being a logical variable bounded by a quantifier. Regarding the demonstrative system, our findings show that (a) in the situational use, Turkish demonstratives exhibit a dichotomous relation where two series appear to be placed contiguously (e.g. bu şu / o), (b) as for the recognitional and text-dependent uses of Turkish demonstratives,  the dichotomic series ‘şu / o’ in the recognitional use and ‘bu / o’ in the text-dependent use occur.

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