Özet:

The alams [finials] placed on the tops of qubba, vaults, and cones used as roofs in traditional architecture developed in accordance with the architecture of the period in which they were built. The alam, whose use in Turkish art dates back to pre-Islamic times, appears to have been used for the first time in Turkish and Islamic architecture during the Kara- Khanid Khanate. The alams made of marble and metal materials continued to develop in Anatolia with the Seljuks and Principalities. During the Ottoman period, the alams reached their peak with the examples in Istanbul and became the complementary and indispensable element on top of the qubba. In the early Ottoman architecture in Istanbul, alams with a crescent shape atop were generally preferred. The appearance of these alams also changed alongside the changes in the style of architectural structures. Under the influence of the Baroque style in the 18th century, the points of the crescent alams were bent outwards and began to turn into a design reminiscent of a horn shape. The Ottoman style, especially during the reign of Sultan Mahmud II, affected the alams in the 19th century. In addition, designs involving a crescent and radial arrangement were used together with the crescent and star in this period. The status of the person who had the structure built, the increase in foreign influences in architecture, and the absence of a certain unity of style unity can be said to have been effective in the choice of alam. This effect enabled alams to be made in the same period in different styles. This study focuses on the alams of 14 different structures belonging to the 19th century that are representative of different styles; examines the designs, materials, and techniques; and has determined the presence of a stylistic unity between the buildings and their alams.

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