Özet:

This study investigates the segregation of the grammar from the syntax and its emergence as an independent science in the hijri 14th century. The 14th century is an important turning point in the history of Islam from different aspects such as being the golden age of Islamic civilization, the increase in the number of grammar works compared to the former centuries, the making of definitions, the presentation of many studies on the language, the emergence of the Baghdad school in addition to the Basra and Kufe school. Therefore, the studies carried out by Muslims in this century are important for the history of Islamic science. In the 3rd Hijri century, Ebû Osman el-Mâzinî (d. 249/863) wrote down the rules belonging to the morphology, which were dealt irregularly in the previous period, in his work called et-Taṣrîf, benefiting from the work of Sîbeveyhi (d. 180/796) called el-Kitâb. In the aforementioned century, with the emergence of independent works of morphology, morphology and syntax began to be separated. However, in the next century (4th century), the works of Dekâiku't-taṣrîf and et-Tekmile, which dealt only with the topics of morphology, was written by Ebu’l-Kasım Muhammed b. Saîd el-Müeddib (d. 338/949) and Ebû Ali el-Fârisî(d. 377/987), respectively. However, in the mentioned century (IV. century), the problem of whether the separation of syntax from morphology has evolved and whether syntax has been completely separated from the morphology has been discussed in the study. In order to solve the aforementioned problem, the definitions of syntax and some works made in the 4th century were examined. In the study, firstly, the reasons that revealed the Arabic language grammar, the emergence of the Arabic language grammar and the Arabic language grammar periods were investigated, and then definitions of syntax and contents of the works by the language scientists Ibn al-Serrâc (d. 316/926), ez-Zeccâcî (d. 337/949), Ebû Ali al-Fârisî and İbn Cinnî (d. 392/1002), who lived in the 4th century and defined syntax, were examined and thus, the conclusion was reached. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship of morphology-syntax in the 4th century by examining the syntax definitions and the content of the works.

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