Özet:

Discipline of periodontology shifted the understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis from solely microbial dental plaque based axis to complex, multi-variate interplay between infection and host response. It is essential to initialize the dynamics of the interaction between the host immune response and periodontopathic bacteria, and to analyze other factors possibly playing a role in this complex process. Where the existence of bacterial plaque is a pre-requirement for the initiation of periodontitis, it is well known that the amount of plaque does not necessarily correlate with the severity of the disease and individual factors are determinative on clinical presentation. Rather than bacterial aetiology, host response in more emphasized in modern definition of periodontal disease. A sum of research in the literature has revealed the inter-individual variability regarding host immune response and influence of genetic components in numerous pathological conditions. Genetic variations in immune cell development, antigen cell presentation or inflammatory mediators of non-specific immune response could be the risk factors for certain conditions, including periodontitis. From this point of view, periodontitis could be considered as a complex genetic disease with a phenotype configured through the genetic makeup and environmental factors in the affected individual. Therefore, it could be forecast that mapping of the genetic susceptibility profile related with periodontitis might be very valuable for developing diagnostic techniques and individual treatment strategies. The aim of this non-systematic review was to underline the possible role of genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases and to revise the discussions on the methods for association studies.

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