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Türkiye’de 12 Eylül 1980 tarihinde meydana gelen askeri darbe ve bu darbeye neden olan etmenler bugün hala tartışılmaktadır. Bu askeri darbeye ekonomik, toplumsal, hukuksal ve yönetimsel birtakım sorunların neden olduğu aşikârdır. Konuyla ilgili yapılan literatür taramasında, araştırmacı ve akademisyenlerin Türkiye’deki askeri darbelere neden olan etmenler konusunda fikir ayrılığına düştüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, 1980 askeri darbesinin meydana gelmesini tetikleyen ana etmeni ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın yöntemi, muhteva analizinin iki temel yönteminden biri olan kavram analizi yöntemidir. Çalışmanın veri kaynağını Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin 1974-1980 yılları arasındaki Birleşik Toplantı Tutanakları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmamızda darbeye giden dönemin başlangıç tarihi olarak 1974 yılı seçilmiştir. Bunun nedeni, 12 Mart 1971 tarihinde verilen muhtıra sonrası kurulan hükümetlerde ve hükümet politikalarında ordunun etkisinin gözlenmesidir. Ayrıca, Kıbrıs sorununun tırmanmasıyla birlikte ordunun kışlasına dönüp, siyaset yapmaya ara vermesi gibi nedenler de araştırmanın başlangıç tarihi olarak 1974 yılının seçilmesinde etkili olmuştur. Bu yöntem ile 1980 askeri darbesinin meydana gelmesinde etkili olduğu düşünülen etmenler beş kategori altında toplanmış, kelimelerin geçtiği bağlamlar değerlendirme ölçütleri kıstas alınarak analiz edilmiş ve milletvekillerinin söz konusu etmenler üzerinde uzlaşıdan yana olup olmadıkları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel hipotezi, 1980 askeri darbesini tetikleyen en önemli etkenin milletvekillerinin uzlaşı aleyhtarı tavırlarının hükümetin çalışmasını engelleyerek sistemin tıkanmasına sebep olduğudur. Bu çalışmada, beş kategori altında toplamda 10.670 kere geçen kelimeler Anahtar Kelime Bağlamı yöntemiyle hipotezi test etmek amacıyla analiz edilmiş ve %89 gibi bir oranla bu argümanının geçerliliği ortaya koyulmuştur.
The military coup that took place in Turkey on September 12, 1980 and the factors that caused this coup are still being discussed today. This military coup is obviously caused by a number of economic, social, legal and administrative problems. In the literary scan on the subject, it was observed that researchers and scholars fell in disagreement about the factors that caused the military strikes in Turkey. This study aims to reveal the main factor that triggered the occurrence of the 1980 military coup. The method of study is the method of conceptual analysis, which is one of the two basic methods of mutual analysis. The data source of the study is the United Assembly of the Great National Assembly of Turkey between 1974-1980. In our research, the date of the start of the coup period was selected in 1974. This is due to the observation of the influence of the army in the government and government policies established after the 12th March 1971. Furthermore, with the ascension of the Cyprus issue, reasons such as the return of the army to the cabinet and the stop of making politics have also been influential in the election of 1974 as the start date of the research. With this method, the factors considered to be effective in the occurrence of the 1980 military coup were gathered in five categories, the contexts in which the words passed, the assessment criteria were analysed by short, and their parliamentarians were attempted to determine whether they were on the side of agreement on the factors in question. The basic hypothesis of the study is that the most important factor that triggered the 1980 military coup is that the parliamentary anti-consensus attitudes prevented the government from working and caused the system to be blocked. In this study, a total of 10,670 words passed under five categories were analyzed to test the hypothesis using the Keyword Connection method, and the validity of this argument was revealed at a rate of 89%.
The military coup that occurred on September 12, 1980 in Turkey and the factors that caused this coup are still being discussed today. It is clear that there were some certain economic, social, legal and administrative problems lying beneath this military coup. In the literature survey conducted on the subject, it has been observed that the researchers and academics are in dissent on the factors that led to the military coup in Turkey. This study aims to reveal the main factor that triggered the occurrence of the 1980 military coup. The method of the study is the conceptual analysis method, which is one of the two basic methods of content analysis. The data source of the study is constituted by the United Meeting Minutes of the Turkish Grand National Assembly between 1974-1980. In the research, the year 1974 was chosen as the start date of the period leading to the coup, because the influence of the army was observed in the governments established and the government policies released after the memorandum issued on 12 March 1971. In addition, with the escalation of the Cyprus issue, reasons such as the army's return to its barracks and a break in politics were effective in choosing 1974 as the start date of the study. With this method, the factors thought to be effective in the occurrence of the 1980 military coup were grouped under five categories, the contexts in which the words appeared were analyzed using evaluation criteria, and it was tried to determine whether the deputies favored a consensus on the factors in question. The main hypothesis of the study is that the most important factor that triggered the 1980 military coup is the attitudes of the Members of Parliaments (MPs) against the consensus prevented the government from working and caused a clog in the system. In this study, words that appear 10,670 times under the five categories in total were analyzed with the Key-Word-in-Context method in order to test the hypothesis and the validity of this argument was revealed with a rate of 89%.
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