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Hadis usûlü, Hz. Peygamber’e nispet edilen haberlerin sahîhini zayıfından ayırmayı gaye edinen, bunun için ihtiyaç duyulan kurallar ve ıstılahlardan bahseden ilimdir. Söz konusu usûl ihtiyaca göre oluşmaya başlamış, uygulanmış ve tedricî olarak geliştirilmiştir. Ancak usûle ilişkin kaide ve ıstılahların yazıya geçirilmesi yaklaşık olarak hicrî ikinci asrın sonlarından itibaren mümkün olmuştur. Üçüncü asırdaki müstakil hadis usûlü hüviyetini taşımayan eserlerde yer alan hadis usûl, kaide ve ıstılahları daha sonra telif edilen müstakil hadis usûlü eserlerine de kaynaklık etmiştir. Hicrî üçüncü asırda hadis usûlünün temel konularına temas eden eserlerden birisi de Buhâri’nin el-Câmi‘u’s-sahîh’idir. Buhârî, eserinin “kitâbü’l-ilm” bölümünde ağırlıklı olarak hadis usûlünün temel konularından olan hadis öğrenim ve öğretim (tahammül ve edâ) metotları üzerinde durmuş, bunun dışında hadis öğrencesinin ve hadis hocasının uyması gereken prensiplere (âdâbü’l-muhaddis ve âdâbü tâlibi’l-hadîs), hadis öğrenmek için çıkılan yolculuklara (er-rihle fî talebi’l-hadîs), Hz. Peygamber adına yalan söylemeye (kizbü’r-râvi) ve hadislerin korunması ve yazılmasına (hıfz ve kitâbet) dair konulara değinmiştir. Bu konuları, özgün bir yaklaşımla incelemiş, hadis rivayetleriyle oluşturduğu kurguyla delillendirmiş, hadis ilmindeki şöhretli âlimlerin görüşleriyle de delillerini güçlendirmiştir. Bu makale, hadis usûlü konularını “ilim” bölümü özelinde derinlemesine inceleyip yorumlayarak, Buhârî’nin hadis usûlü ilmine katkılarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Hadith methodology is the science that aims to distinguish the weak and true i.e. genuine reports that are thought to have been narrated by the Prophet Muhammad and it describes the necessary technical terms and rules. Hadith methodology began to be formed according to the need; it was practiced and developed gradually and accumulatively. However, it has been possible to write down the hadith study methods and reforms since the end of the second century. Even the hadith methods, pedestals, and technical terms in the works in the third century that did not have suitable hadith methods, it is visible that these methods were also the source of the detached hadith method works that were later written. One of the works that covered on the main subjects of the hadith methodology in the third century is the Bukhari’s Al-Jāmiʿ al-Shahîḥ. Bukhârî focused on hadith education and teaching methods known as taḥammul and edā that are explained in detail in the "Kitāb al-'ilm" chapter of his work, and he mentioned about the principles of the hadith student and hadith teacher (ādāb al-muḥaddith and ādāb al-ṭālib al-hadith). Moreover, he also emphasized to the journeys, that are done to learn hadiths and called as (al-riḥla fī al-hadîth), lying on behalf of the Prophet (kizḳb al-rāwī) and the preservation and writing of hadiths (ḥif
Hadith methodology is the science that aims to distinguish the weak and sahih i.e genuine reports that are thought to have been narrated by the Prophet Muhammad and it describes the necessary technical terms and rules. Hadith methodology started to be formed according to the need; it was practiced and developed gradually and accumulatively. However, it has been possible to write down the hadith study methods and reforms since the end of the second century. Even the hadith methods, pedestals, and technical terms in the works in the third century that did not have suitable hadith methods, it is visible that these methods also were the source of the detached hadith method works which were later written. One of the works that covered on the main subjects of the hadith methodology in the third century is the Bukhari’s Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ. Bukhârî focused on hadith education and teaching methods known as taḥammul and edā that are explained in detail in the "Kitāb al-‘ilm" chapter of his work, and he mentioned about the principles of the hadith student and hadith teacher (ādāb al-muḥaddith and ādāb al-ṭālib al-hadith). Moreover, he also emphasized to the journeys, that are done to learn hadiths and called as (al-riḥla fī al-hadîth), lying on behalf of the Prophet (kiz̲b al-rāwī) and the preservation and writing of hadiths (ḥifẓ and kitābāh). He examined these issues with an unique approach. He not only tried to prove them with the fiction that he created with hadith narrations, but also strengthened his methods with the views of famous scholars in the hadith science. This article aims to reveal the contributions of Buk̲h̲ārī to the hadith methodology by underliying special the references related to hadith contents, taken from the “Kitāb al-‘ilm” chapter of his work.
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Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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