Abstract:

: Obeticholic acid (OCA), also known as 6alpha-ethyl-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholon-24-oic acid, is a semi-synthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA, 3alpha,7alpha, dihydroxy-5-cholon-24-oic acid), a primary bile acid that is produced in the liver from cholesterol and is comparatively hydrophobic. OCA, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, is crucial for the enterohepatic movement of bile acid. OCA has significantly improved biochemical outcomes in preliminary tests in individuals with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). PBC is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterised by cirrhosis, cholestasis, fibrosis, and destruction and inflammation of the intrahepatic bile ducts; the autoimmune reaction is mostly responsible for this. In order to reduce inflammation, OCA targets the physiological and immunological functions of PBC. Drugs are used in immunological therapy, targeting specific cytokines and chemokines associated with inflammation, as well as immunological molecules involved in B cell and T cell responses. We concentrate on numerous nanotechnology therapeutic modalities for liver illness in this review. Nanomedicine provides a novel strategy that focuses on tolerance induction rather than immunosuppression, offering significant promise for the treatment of autoimmune illnesses. Immune-modifying drugs can be incorporated into tolerogenic nanoparticles to safely and effectively target the antigen-specific immune response in autoimmune disorders. Given the anatomical characteristics and immunological uniqueness of PBC, these may be particularly effective.

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