Özet:

Triticale is an artificial species that originated about 130 years ago from between wheat and rye, and the first commercially viable cultivars were released in the 1960s. The crop exhibits high yield, promising long term potential, elevated grain quality, and better resistance to pathogens, desirable amino acid content, and high adaptation ability to adverse climate conditions. Sudden decreases in climate can pose significant losses in many crops including Triticale. Understanding plant response to cold acclimation could help developing crops resilient to cold. In this study, we aim to compare the antioxidants and physiological content of Triticale under cold acclimation in vitro and ex vitro. In our study, five triticale cultivars, Ümran Hanım, Alper Bey, Mikham 2002, Tatlıcak, and Melez 2001 were used as the plant material. Triticale seeds were planted in 15 cm sand pods. They were maintained in 20/180C (day / night) greenhouse with a 12 h day length for 10 days to initiation germination. After 2 weeks the plants were transferred at 4±10C for cold acclimation for 30 days. Callus was transferred to a hormone-free MS medium for 1 month. All cultures were kept under fluorescent light with 15000 lux and 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle at 25±10C. The culture media was subsequently refreshed and kept under fluorescent light with 1500 lux and 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle at 4±10C under cold acclimation. Our results revealed that the cold acclimation changed the activities of APX (Ascorbate Peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), and CAT (Catalase) under both ex vitro and in vitro conditions. The highest correlation between enzyme activities and cold resistance was observed in the sugar content of in vitro stress callus. Our results indicated as closely related to proline, sugar content and antioxidant enzyme activities at cold acclimation in the evaluation of cold tolerance of Triticale cultivars.

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