Citation Number
3
Views
15
Hitit toplumunda, inanç, hayatın her alanında etkili olup, ona yön vermekteydi. Hititler, var olan düzenin devam etmesi ya da kaotik bir ortamdan korunma yolunun, doğa üstü güçlerin/tanrıların koyduğu kurallara uyulması ile ilgili olduğunu düşünürlerdi. Bu sebepten dolayı, kutsal saydıkları varlıklarla daima iletişim halinde olmaları gerekirdi. Kutsal ile insan arasındaki ilişkide, insanın birinci görevi taptığı varlığa saygıda kusur etmemek ve iyi bir hizmetkâr olmaktı. Tanraı/ların görevi ise, insanların birtakım ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak ve onları korumaktı. İki taraf arasındaki bu bağlantıda, kurban ve sununun rolü büyüktü. Tanrılara takdim edilen kurban/sunular, sözü edilen ilişkide bir nevi tutkal görevi yapmaktaydı. Kurban, kanlı ve kansız olarak iki gruba ayrılırdı. Kanlı kurban kategorisinde, hayvanlar ve nadiren insan yer alırdı. Tahıl, bal, süt, şarap, bira ve ekmek gibi gıda maddelerinin yanında silah, heykel vb. objeler de, kansız kurban grubuna dahil olanlardı. Kurban sunumları farklı amaçlara yönelik gerçekleştirilirdi. Dinler tarihçileri ve antropologlar, kurban ritüelleri ile ilgili farklı teoriler üretmişler ve bunları: hediye kurbanı örneğin adak, şükür, ilk mahsul kurbanı , komünyon kutsal ziyafet ve günah çıkarma kefaret, arınma vs. olarak farklı kategorilere ayırmışlardır.Hitit arşivlerinden çıkan belgelerden, kurban ritüellerinin büyük bir ciddiyetle belli bir program çerçevesinde uygulandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Yine aynı şekilde kurbanın zamanı ve mekânı da rastgele belirlenemezdi. Sunumu yapılacak hayvan, madde ya da nesneler de amaca göre seçilirdi.Bu çalışmada, kurbanın, Hitit inancındaki fonksiyonu ve önemi anlatılmak istenmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı kurban ve sunu türlerinden örnekler vermek ve bunların hangi durumlarda uygulandıklarını görmek de, bu çalışmanın amaçları arasındadır. Çalışmada, Hitit filolojik belgelerden bazı örnekler sunulmuş ve yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
In the Hittite society, faith was influential in all areas of life and was giving it direction. The Hittites believed that the continuation of the existing order or the way to protect from a chaotic environment was related to the observance of the rules imposed by the supernatural powers/the gods. For this reason, they should always be in contact with the beings they are sacred. In the relationship between the Holy and man, the first task of man was not to lack respect for the being he worshipped and to be a good servant. God’s duty was to meet and protect the needs of the people. In this connection between the two sides, the role of the victim and the present was great. The sacrifices presented to the gods had been performing a native attachment in the aforementioned relationship. The victim was divided into two groups, blood and bloodless. In the blood victim category, animals and rarely humans were included. In addition to foods such as wheat, honey, milk, wine, beer and bread, weapons, statues, etc. The victims were also the victims of the group. The victims were presented for different purposes. Religious historians and anthropologists have produced different theories about sacrifice rituals, and they have divided them into different categories, such as: gift sacrifice, for example, adak, grateful, the first crown sacrifice, communion holy feast and sin expulsion, cleansing, etc. From the documents from the Hith archives, it is clear that the sacrifice rituals are very seriously applied within a specific program framework. The time and place of the victim were not identified. Animals, substances or objects to be presented were also selected according to the purpose.In this study, the victim was asked to explain the function and importance of the Hithic faith. Furthermore, giving examples of different types of victims and offerings and seeing in which cases they are applied is among the objectives of this study. In the study, some examples of HITIT philological documents were presented and tried to be interpreted.
In the Hittite society, belief influenced and dominated every aspect of daily life. Hittites believed that the means of maintaining the existing system or preventing a chaotic environment depended on complying with the rules imposed by their supernatural powers/gods. In view of this, it was necessary for them to be in constant communication with the existences they classified as sacred. In the relationship between the gods and humans, the main duty of the individual was showing great respect, and being a good servant to the existence he worshipped. On the other hand, in return the god/gods would meet certain needs of the people and protect them. Offerings played a major role in the relationship between both sides. The sacrifices/offerings presented to the gods acted as a kind of bond in this relationship. Sacrifices were divided into two groups, blood sacrifices and bloodless offerings. In the category of blood sacrifices there were animal and occasionally humans. In addition to food substances including grains, honey, wine, beer and bread vegetation and libations , objects such as weapons, statues etc. were also included in the bloodless group of sacrifices. The offering of sacrifices was carried out for different purposes. Historians of religions and anthropologists generated various theories regarding the offering rituals and divided these into different categories: Gift offerings for example votive, gratitude, firstfruit offerings , communion sacrifices/offerings sacred meal , and guilt offerings expiation, purification etc. It appears from documents obtained from Hittite archives that the sacrifice rituals were performed with great devotion and in the framework of a certain program. Similarly, the time or place of the sacrifice was not determined randomly. The animal, substance or object to be offered was selected in accordance with the purposes mentioned. In this study, the objective was to explain the function and importance of sacrifice in the Hittite belief. In addition, providing examples of the sacrifices and offerings, and understanding in which situations these were performed were among the aims of this study. In the study, certain examples were given from the Hittite written sources, and an attempt was made to interpret these documents
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
Article Detail 
Citation Owners
Similar Articles
Download PDF
Journal Information
Listen Paper
Print This Page
Share
Mendeley
