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Bu makalede Osmanlı kaynakları ışığında 1697-1878 yılları arasında Saraybosna’da yaşanan yangınlar incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda yangınların sebepleri, ekonomik ve sosyal sonuçları, zararlarının giderilmesinde vakıfların rolü ve 1848 Ebniye Nizamnamesi kapsamında Saraybosna’da 1852 yılından sonra yapılan düzenlemeler ele alınmıştır. Makalede Tanzimat Dönemi’ne kadar Saraybosna’da yangınlara karşı kapsamlı tedbirler alınmadığı savunulmaktadır. Osmanlı Dönemi’nde kurulan Saraybosna, bir Osmanlı kentinin bütün özelliklerine sahipti. Yangınlar, Osmanlı şehirlerinin başlarına gelebilecek en büyük felaketlerden biriydi. Binaların çoğunlukla ahşap malzemeden ve bitişik nizamda inşa edilmesi, sokakların darlığı, yangın söndürme teşkilatının olmayışı gibi etkenler yangınların yayılmasını kolaylaştırıyordu. Saraybosna’da 1697-1878 yılları arasında en az 15 büyük yangın yaşanmıştır. 1697, 1724, 1756, 1766, 1788, 1803, 1831, 1842, 1848 ve 1852’de meydana gelen yangınlar diğerlerine nispetle şehirde daha büyük tahribata yol açmıştır. Bilhassa 1697’de Avusturya istilası esnasında şehrin yakılması, Saraybosna’nın sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve demografik gelişimine büyük darbe vurmuştur. Yangında şehirdeki 104 camiden 92’si yanmıştır. Saraybosna’da yangınlardan en çok Başçarşı ve civarı etkilenmiştir. 1852’deki yangından sonra Ebniye Nizamnamesi uygulamaya konularak Başçarşı ve çevresi yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Ayrıca, sokakların genişletilmesine çalışılmış, yangınlara karşı Viyana’dan tulumbalar getirilmiş ve ahşap yerine kâgir yapılar inşası teşvik edilmiştir. Sebil’in bulunduğu Pazar Meydanı da 1866 yangınından sonra düzenlenmiştir. Saraybosna, Tanzimat Dönemi’nde kentsel reformlar tam olarak hayata geçirilemeden Avusturya-Macaristan hâkimiyetine girmiştir.
This article, in light of Ottoman sources, examines the fires in Saraybosna between 1697-1878. In this context, the causes of the fires, the economic and social consequences, the role of the foundations in removing their damages and the arrangements made in Saraybosna after 1852 under the 1848 Ebniye Nizamnamesi were discussed. The article claims that no extensive measures were taken against the fires in Saraybosna until the Tanzimat period. Founded in the Ottoman era, Saraybosna had all the characteristics of an Ottoman city. The fires were one of the greatest disasters that could have occurred in the Ottoman cities. The buildings were built mostly from wooden materials and in the neighboring shelves, factors such as the narrowness of the streets, the absence of a fire detection agency facilitated the spread of fires. At least 15 major fires occurred in Saraybosna between 1697 and 1878. The fires that occurred in 1697, 1724, 1756, 1766, 1788, 1803, 1831, 1842, 1848 and 1852 led to greater destruction in the city. The burning of the city during the Austrian invasion in 1697 hit Saraybosna's social, economic, cultural and demographic development. 92 of the 104 mosques in the city were burned. The fire in Saraybosna has been the most affected by the fire and its surroundings. After the fire in 1852 the Ebniye Nizamnamesi was subject to the application of the Principality and its surroundings were rearranged. Furthermore, the streets were attempted to expand, tulips were brought from Vienna against fires, and the construction of cave structures instead of wood was encouraged. Sevil's Sunday Square was also organized after the 1866 fire. Saraybosna, during the Tanzimat period, entered the rule of Austria-Hungary without the urban reforms being fully implemented.
In this article, based on the Ottoman sources, we examined the fires occurred in Sarajevo between 1697-1878. In this context, we investigated the reasons of frequent fires, their economic and social consequences, the role of foundations in compensating the damages of the fires and the regulations made in Sarajevo after 1852 within the scope of the 1848 Ebniye (Building) Regulation. The article argues that comprehensive measures were not taken against fires in Sarajevo until the Tanzimat Period. Sarajevo, a city established during the Ottoman Era, had all the features of Ottoman cities. Fires were one of the biggest disasters that could have happened in Ottoman cities. The main factors that facilitated the spread of fires were that the buildings were mostly made of wooden material in an adjacent order, as well as the narrow streets and the absence of an organization to fight fires. There were at least 15 major fires in Sarajevo between the years of 1697 and 1878. In particular, the 1697, 1724, 1756, 1766, 1788, 1803, 1831, 1842, 1848 and 1852 fires caused greater destruction in the city relative to others. Especially the deliberate burning of the city during the Austrian invasion in 1697 inflicted a great blow to the social, economic, cultural and demographic development of Sarajevo, leading to the burning or destruction of 92 out of 104 mosques in the city. Basčaršija and its surroundings also suffered the greatest damage from fires in the city. After the 1852 fire, the Ebniye Regulation was put into effect in Sarajevo, leading to the reorganization of the Basčaršija district. In addition, efforts were made to enlarge the streets, fire pumps were brought from Vienna, and the construction of masonry building instead of wooden ones was encouraged. The Market Square, where the Sebilj is located, was reorganized after the fire of 1866. However, Sarajevo fell under the rule of Austria-Hungary before the reforms initiated in the field of urban planning during the Tanzimat Period could totally be implemented.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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