Görüntüleme
11
İndirme
2
Amaç: Bu çalışmada glomerül yapısındaki nefrin ve hipoksi indüklenebilir faktör-1alfa ekspresyonları aracılığıyla karbontetraklorid (CCl4) toksisitesi sonrası L-karnitin’in etkilerinin gösterilmesini amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 40 adet Sprague dawley erkek sıçan 5 gruba (n=8) ayrıldı. Grup I: Kontrol grubu 0.2 ml zeytinyağı intraperitoneal (ip) haftada 2 kez, Grup II: L-karnitin grubu 200 mg/kg L-karnitin (ip) haftada 2 kez, Grup III: CCl4 group 0.2 ml CCl4 (ip) haftada 2 kez 6 hafta boyunca, Grup IV: L-karnitin + CCl4 grubu, haftada 2 kez CCl4 uygulamasından önce 200 mg/kg ip L-karnitin, Grup V: CCl4 + L-karnitin grubu, haftada 2 kez CCl4 uygulamasından 1 saat sonra 200 mg/kg ip L-karnitin. Böbrek doku kesitlerine nefrin ve HIF-1α ekspresyonunu göstermek için immunohistokimya boyama uygulandı. Proteinlerin ekspresyon yoğunlukları ImageJ programında ölçüldü. Bulgular: Nefrin ekspresyonu diğer gruplar ile kıyaslandığında Grup III’de anlamlı olarak arttı. HIF-1α ekspresyonu yalnızca Grup I ve Grup III arasında anlamlı şekilde arttı. Proteinlerin ekspresyon yoğunlukları L-karnitin-tedavili gruplarda kontrol grubuna benzerdi. Sonuç: L-karnitin böbrek glomerulusunda CCl4 toksisitesine karşı hem koruyucu hem tedavi edici etkilere sahiptir.
IPurpose: This study aimed at examining the details of prescriptions issued in primary care and the changes over the years in Turkey. Materials and Methods: We analyzed all electronic prescriptions registered to Prescription Information System by primary care physicians in Turkey between 2013 and 2016. The average number of drugs per prescription (nDPP) was determined by patients' sex and age groups. The percentages of the prescriptions containing the top twenty most frequently encountered drugs were determined for each year of the study. In the four-year period, the percentage of prescriptions with the ten most common diagnoses among prescriptions with single diagnosis and nDPP were examined. Results: A total of 1.457.034.275 drugs were prescribed in 518.335.821 prescriptions and nDPP was 2. 81 for the four-year period. The most commonly used drugs in all prescriptions were "other cold preparations" (19.2-19.7%) and "amoxicillin+beta-lactamase inhibitor" (9.9-10.5%). The diagnosis of hypertension (6.9%, nDPP: 2.00) and "acute upper respiratory tract infection, unspecified" (URTI), (6.5%, nDPP: 2.61) were in the top ranks in single-diagnosis prescriptions during the four-year period. Conclusion: Primary care prescriptions appear to be mostly generated for women and elderly populations, with a tendency for URTI and hypertension indications. Overprescriptions of cold preparations, NSAIDs, PPIs, analgesics, and broad-spectrum antibiotics imply the existence of important problems in the primary care regarding rational prescribing behavior.
Purpose: In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of L-carnitine after carbontetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity through nephrin and Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expressions in the glomerular structure. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague dawley rats were divided into 5 groups with animals in each group. Group I: Control group; 0.2 ml olive oil intraperitoneal (ip) twice weekly, Group II: L-carnitine group; 200 mg/kg L-carnitine (ip) twice a week, Group III: CCl4 group; 0.2 ml CCl4 (ip) twice a week for 6 weeks, Group IV: L-carnitine + CCl4 group, 200 mg/kg ip L-carnitine 24 hours before CCl4 twice a week, Group V: CCl4 + L-carnitine group; 200 mg/kg L-carnitine half an hour after CCl4 twice a week. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on kidney tissue sections to show nephrin and HIF-1α expression. Expression densities of the proteins were measured by ImageJ program. Results: Nephrin expression was significantly increased in Group III compared to other groups. There was a significant increase in HIF-1α expression only between Group I and Group III. Expression densities of proteins in L-carnitine-treated groups were similar to control. Conclusion: L-carnitine has both protective and therapeutic effects against CCl4 toxicity in renal glomeruli.
Alan : Sağlık Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
Makale Detay 
Benzer Makaleler
PDF Görüntüle
Dergi Bilgisi
Eseri Dinleyin
Alıntı Yap
Bu Sayfayı Yazdırın
Paylaş
Mendeley
