Özet:

Objective Nosocomial infections are among the important causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients. Infections seen in intensive care units (ICUs) constitute 25% of nosocomial infections, and respiratory system infections are the most common among them. The pathogens isolated from these infections and antibiotic resistance of them may differ amonghospitals, as well as within the same unit over time. Endotracheal aspirate (ETA) cultures is the most widely used microbiological diagnosis method in respiratory tract sampling all over the world. In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively investigate bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance rates isolated from ETA samples of patients in the ICU of Süleyman Demirel University. Material and Method Bacterial agentsisolated from ETA samples of ICU patients between January 2018 and January 2021 and antibiotic susceptibility test (ADT) results of these agents were obtained retrospectively from the hospital database. Sensitivity results were evaluated in accordance with the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and, when needed, the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Repeated growths from the cultures of the same patient were not evaluated. Results During the evaluated period, a total of 458 (44.4%) bacteria were isolated from 1031 ETA samples, of which 413(90.2%) were gram negative and 45(9.8%) were gram positive. Acinetobacter baumannii (43.9%) was the most common gram-negative bacterium and Staphylococcus aureus (5.9%) was the most common gram-positive bacterium. It was determined that the isolated A. baumannii strains showed high resistance to many antibiotics in all years, and the highest resistance was detected against the carbapenem group with a rate of 96.6%. Extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) positivity was detected in 48.1% of Escherichia coli strains and 70.8% of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. In our study, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected at a rate of 20.7%, and methicillin-resistant Coagulasenegative Staphylococci (CNS) was detected at a rate of 76.9%. Conclusion The specific feature of infections occuring in patients hospitalized in the ICU is that antibiotic resistant pathogens are often the cause. Identification of the causative agent of the infection, determination of the antibiotic resistance profile will guide the antibiotic selection and will contribute to the prevention of inappropriate antibiotic use in the ICU and to reduce the resistance rates.

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