Abstract:

The tourism phenomenon has become an important sector today, especially in the second half of the 20th century, with the great impact of economic, social, cultural, environmental and psychological changes in the world, habits and requirements. With the presence of these factors contributing to the formation of the tourism sector, it has influenced the travel to ensure the growth of the world tourism. The growing tourism sector has become a priority sector in many countries, especially in developing countries, with the aim of generating new income necessary for economic development, providing currency input and increasing employment opportunities. Tourism employment in Turkey began to become effective after the 1980s. In Turkey, before 1980, the share of the tourism sector in GSMH was 0.8%, while the number of tourists was 1.3 million people. In 2018, the number of foreign tourists arriving in Turkey was 39.4 million people, while the share of tourism in GDP increased to 3.8%. Tourism has become an important sector in reducing unemployment in Turkey. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of tourism on employment. In the study, the ARDL Border Test Method was applied to the data of Turkey between 1983 and 2017. The findings indicate a long-term matching relationship between the variables. It also shows that the number of tourists has a positive impact on employment; Tourism income indicates that the variable is meaningless. The findings obtained are very important for policy makers and decision makers.

Abstract:

The phenomenon of tourism has gained the feature of being an important and constant sector today, especially with the economic, social, cultural, environmental and psychological changes, habits and requirements of the world-taking place in the second half of the 20th century. The presence of these factors contributing to the formation of the tourism sector has enabled the growth of world tourism by influencing the trips. The growing tourism sector has emerged as a priority sector in many countries, especially in developing countries, to generate the new income needed for economic development, increase foreign exchange inflow and increase employment opportunities. Tourism employment has started to become effective in Turkey after 1980. The share of GDP of the tourism sector in Turkey before 1980 0.8% while the number of tourists was 1.3 million people. The number of foreign tourists visiting Turkey in 2018 was 39.4 million people. The share of tourism in GDP increased to 3.8%. In this respect, tourism has become an important industry to reduce unemployment in Turkey. This study aims to examine the impact of tourism on employment. The ARDL Bound Test Method was used for Turkey by the data between 1983-2017 in this study. The findings show a long-term cointegration relationship between the variables. Also, while the number of tourists positively affects employment; the Tourism income variable is insignificant. Findings are very important in terms of policymakers.

Keywords: