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Uluslararası Çocuk Kaçırmanın Hukuki Yönlerine Dair Lahey Sözleşmesi Uyarınca Koruma ve Ziyaret Hakkı
2020
Journal:  
Public and Private International Law Bulletin
Author:  
Abstract:

Türkiye 2000 yılından beri “Uluslararası Çocuk Kaçırmanın Hukuki Yönlerine Dair Lahey Sözleşmesi”’ne taraftır. Lahey Sözleşmesi’nin amacı, esas olarak velayet hakkını ihlal ederek kaçırılan veya alıkonulan çocuğun en kısa zamanda mutad meskenine iadesinin sağlanmasıdır. Bunun için öncelikle Sözleşme’de yer alan “mutad mesken”, “mutad mesken hukuku”, “koruma hakkı” ve “ziyaret hakkı” kavramlarının kapsamının belirlenmesi gerekir. Sözleşme’nin uygulama alanı bulabilmesi için, çocuğun mutad meskeninin taraf devletlerden birinde bulunması gerekmekte olup bununla kastedilen, çocuğun yer değiştirme ey¬leminden hemen önceki fiili yaşam merkezidir. Sözleşme’de koruma hakkı ile ziyaret hakkı tanımlanmış ancak mutad mesken kasıtlı olarak tanımlanmamıştır. Sözleşme’de velayet hakkı kavramı yerine koruma hakkı kavramı kullanılmış ve “çocuğun şahsının bakım hakkı ve özellikle ikamet yerinin tespiti hakkı” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Hukuk sistemleri koruma hakkı bakımından velayet hakkı ve sair farklı bir termino¬lojiye sahip olabilir ama önemli olan bu hakkın hangi yetki ve görevleri kapsadığıdır. Sözleşme'de yer alan diğer bir önemli kavram olan ziyaret hakkı, şahsi ilişki hakkı olup “çocuğun, sınırlı bir süre için, mutad ikametgâhından başka bir yere götürülmesi hakkı” vermektedir. İlgili madde hükmünden çocuğun başka bir yere götürülmesinden kastedilenin mutlak surette başka bir akit devlet olup olmadığı anlaşılamamaktadır. Sözleşme’de çocuğun mutad meskeninin bulunduğu devlet kanununa gönderme yapılmakla beraber bu devletin kanunlar ihtilafı kurallarının dikkate alınıp alınmayacağı açık değildir. Prensip olarak, milletlerarası sözleşmelerin uygulanmasında atıf genellikle dikkate alınmamaktadır. Bununla beraber, geçerli bir koruma hakkının bulunup bulunmadığının çocuğun mutad meskeni hukukunun kanunlar ihtilafı kurallarının gösterdiği maddi hukuka göre belirlenmesi Sözleşme’nin temel amacına daha uygun olacaktır.

Keywords:

The right to protection and visit in accordance with the Lahai Convention on the legal aspects of kidnapping of children
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Since 2000, Turkey has been a member of the International Convention on the Legal Aspects of Child Abduction. The purpose of the Hague Convention is to ensure the return of the kidnapped or detained child to the mutad home as soon as possible. To do this, it is necessary to first determine the scope of the concepts of "mutad residence", "mutad residence law", "right to protection" and "right to visit" contained in the Convention. In order to find the scope of the Convention, the mutad residence of the child must be located in one of the States Parties, which means that the child is the real life center right before the change of place. The contract defines the right to protection and the right to visit but mutad housing has not been deliberately defined. The Convention uses the concept of protection instead of the right to guarantee and defines it as "the right of the person to guarantee and, in particular, the right to determine the place of residence". The legal systems may have a different terminology in terms of the right to protection and the right to custody, but the important thing is which powers and duties this right covers. Another important concept in the Convention is the right to visit, the right to a personal relationship and the right to "the child, for a limited period of time, be taken to a place other than the mutad residence". It is unclear whether the child is brought to another place from the ruling of the relevant article. It is unclear whether the law of the State where the child's mutad residence is submitted in the Convention will not be taken into account. In principle, reference is often not taken into account in the implementation of international treaties. However, the determination of whether or not there is a valid right of protection according to the material law indicated by the rules of conflict of laws of the child's mutad residence law would be more appropriate to the main purpose of the Agreement.

Keywords:

The Rights Of Custody and Access In The Framework Of The Hague Convention On The Civil Aspects Of International Child Abduction
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Turkey is a signatory state to the “Hague Convention On The Civil Aspects Of International Child Abduction” starting from 2000. The essential aim of the Convention is the prompt return of the child to his/her state of habitual residence in case of wrongful removal or retention in breach of the custody right. In order to realize the implementation of the Convention accordingly, it is important to determine the scope of the terms of “habitual residence”, “law of the state of habitual residence”, “custody right” and “access right”. For the application of the Convention, the habitual residence of the child -which refers to the actual place of residence right before the removal- should be located in a contracting state. However, the term of habitual residence is not defined in the Convention unlike the rights of custody and access. In the Convention, the term of custody right is preferred to guardianship and described as “right relating to the personal care of the child and, in particular, the right to determine the child's place of residence”. The legal systems may use different terminology for custody right like guardianship but, what matters is the rights and duties entitled to this right. Access right, in other words, visitation right is another important term in the Convention and grants “the right to take the child for a limited period of time to a place other than the child's habitual residence”. It is not clear from the related article that the child can be taken to a state which is not signatory to the Convention. It is not explicit in the Convention whether the conflict of law rules of the state of the child’s habitual residence will be applied as being the part of that state’s law. In principle, renvoi is not considered in international conventions. However, determination of the rights of custody and access by the substantive law referred to by the private international law of the state of the child’s habitual residence will better suit the main purpose of the Convention.

Keywords:

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Similar Articles
Public and Private International Law Bulletin

Field :   Hukuk

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

Metrics
Article : 329
Cite : 525
Public and Private International Law Bulletin