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Uzun süreli tarla deneyleri tarımsal ekoloji verileri üretmek için vazgeçilmez bilgi kaynaklarıdır. Başta gübreleme olmak üzere uzun süreli tarım-teknik işlemler sonucunda toprak verimliliğinde meydana gelen değişikliklerin izlenmesi, anlaşılması ve kanıtlanması açısından uzun süreli çakılı denemeler hayati önem taşımaktadır. Arazi kullanımına ilişkin bilgiler başka yollarla kolay elde edilemez. Uzun ömürlü olmaları nedeniyle, onları korumak oldukça zor ve maliyetlidir. Bununla birlikte, bilimsel ve pratik değerleri ölçülemez ve yaşlarıyla birlikte değerleri de büyümeye devam ediyor. İnsan, tarım ilişkisi, artan nüfus, gıda güvencesi ve iklim değişimleri ve son Covid-19 salgını ile tarım ve toprağın önemi yeniden güçlü bir şekilde hissedilir oldu. Çiftçiler ve bilim insanları için çakılı denemelerin önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Özellikle bazı kestirimlerin çıkarılması için çok yönlü veri setlerinin zamana bağlı olarak çıkarılması gerekmektedir. Tarımın ve tarımsal uygulamaların uzun süreli etkilerinin bilinmesi gerekliliği günden güne artıyor. Ancak nasıl ve hangi mekanizma ile? Nasıl uzun süreli olarak toprak kalitesi, verim ve iklim değişimlerine veri oluşturacak ölçü sistemleri kurabiliriz? Bilimin ve bilim insanlarının karşılaştığı en ciddi sorulardan biri ölçme ve ölçülenleri amaca uygun olarak değerlendirebilmektir. Uzun süreli tarla denemeleri ile genelleştirilmiş bilgi üretmek zorundayız. Toprağın gıda-sağlık ve sürdürülebilirliği konusundaki kompleks ilişkilerini yeni öğreniyoruz. Dünyanın birçok ülkesinde uzun süreli çakılı denemelerin olduğu bilinmektedir. İngiltere’de 1853 yılında, çoğunluğu Avrupa’da olmak üzere 1900’li yıllardan sonra günümüze kadar 650 kadar uzun süreli çakılı tarla denemeleri kurulmuştur. Uzun süreli denemelerden elde edilen değişik tarım pratiklerinin toprak ve bitki gelişimi üzerine olan etkileri iklim değişimleri ile ilişkilendirilerek araştırılmaktadır. Türkiye olarak halen işin başındayız. Ülkemizde de bu tür denemelerin yürütülmesi ülkemizin değişen iklim ve ekolojik değişkenliklere karşı veri üretmesi bakımından büyük önem kazanmaktadır.
Long-term field experiments are essential information sources for producing agricultural ecological data. Long-term testing is crucial for monitoring, understanding and proof of changes in soil efficiency as a result of long-term agricultural-technical processes, including fertilization. Information about the use of land cannot be easily obtained by other means. Because they are long-lived, protecting them is quite difficult and expensive. However, their scientific and practical values are unmatched and their values continue to grow with their age. The importance of agriculture and soil has been resumed strongly with human, agricultural relations, increasing population, food security and climate change and the recent Covid-19 epidemic. For farmers and scientists, the importance of striking experiments is increasing on a daily basis. Especially for the removal of some cuts, multiple data sets need to be removed depending on time. The need to know the long-term effects of agriculture and agricultural practices is increasing from day to day. How and with what mechanism? How can we set up measurement systems to create data on soil quality, efficiency and climate change in the long run? One of the most serious questions faced by scientists and scientists is the ability to measure and evaluate what is measured according to the purpose. We have to produce generalized information with long-term field trials. We are just learning the complex relationships of the soil in the field of food-health and sustainability. It is known that many countries in the world have long-term testing. In the United Kingdom in 1853, most of them in Europe, after the 1900s, up to 650 long-term square field trials have been established until today. The effects of various agricultural practices on soil and plant development, obtained from long-term experiments, are studied by associating with climate change. As Turkey, we are still on the ground. In our country, the conduct of such experiments is of great importance in terms of the production of data against changing climate and ecological changes in our country.
Long-term field experiments are essential for generating knowledge and data on agricultural ecology. Long-term field studies are crucial for tracking, understanding, and demonstrating how long-term agro-technical activities, particularly fertilization and soil tillage practices, lead to changes in soil fertility. Information on land usage and readily accessible secure data are difficult to obtain. Due to the long-term experiment’s durability, maintaining them is quite difficult and costly. They have an immeasurable worth for science and society, nevertheless, and that value only increases with the passage of time. The interdependence between humans and agriculture, rising population, food security, climate change, and the recent Covid-19 pandemic have all contributed to a renewed sense of the significance of agriculture and soil. Long-term field experiments are becoming more and more important for farmers and scientists. Multidimensional datasets must be retrieved depending on time, particularly in order to extract some estimations. The need to understand how agriculture and agricultural activities affect the environment over the long-term of production is increasing day by day. How can we set up measuring systems that produce data on long-term soil quality, production, and climate change? Measuring and assessing secure data to determine its suitability for longterm uses is one of the most important issues facing research and scientists. Long-term field experiments are important to generate generalized knowledge. We are still learning about the intricate connections between the sustainability of the soil and its potential to provide healthy food. Many countries around the world are known to conduct long-term field experiments. In 1853, the first long-term field experiment was started in England. Approximately total 650 long-term field experiments have been conducted since 1900, primarily in Europe, and continued up to date. By linking various agricultural techniques with climate change, the consequences of these activities on soil and plant development are examined. Soil fertility is improved as a result of organic fertilizers addition and protected farming practices. It is observed that soil fertility decreases under mineral fertilizer application and heavy soil tillage conditions. The aim of the article is to emphasize the necessity of long-term field experiments for sustainable agriculture in Turkish conditions. Turkey is at the beginning of long-term field experiments. Conducting such long-term experiments in our country is of great importance in terms of producing data against the changing climate and ecological variability of our country
Alan : Ziraat, Orman ve Su Ürünleri; Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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