Özet:

Istanbul, where Europe and Asia are very close to each other, dominates both sides of the Catalca-Kocaeli Peninsula, is spread to a very wide area; it is a rapidly growing city from day to day. The geographical location of the area mentioned in this growth and development, the structure of the land in terms of settlement suitability and a simple relief, as well as climate factors and hydrological characteristics have played a major role. The throat that connects the Black Sea to the Marmara Sea is known as the Istanbul throat and is considered a natural miracle. This is the mandatory passage place for the countries on the coast of the Black Sea to reach the Mediterranean by sea because of the suitable passage of large tonage ships. The ships that pass through the Atlantic Ocean through the Cebel-i Tarık Gulf to the Mediterranean and the ships from the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and from there through the Switzerland Canal to the Mediterranean will have to pass through the Istanbul Gulf when it comes to opening to the Black Sea. The opening of this throat, located between the Çatalca-Kocaeli Peninsula, the opening of the hallic, called the Golden Horn, the appearance of the flows that empty the waters into the Black Sea and the Marmara Sea, the formation of the Gulf on the Black Sea coast, and the arrival of the small-sized and large-sized lakes on the Marmara Sea coast, took place in Plio-Kuaterner. Thus, these are considered as the water reservoirs areas of Istanbul that are growing and developing in certain periods. The first nucleus of Istanbul was located between Sarayburnu and Sultanahmet. The first city, M. It was founded here in 658. Istanbul became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire in 395 BC. In 1453, Istanbul became the Turkish government. The city today has a population of about 10,000,000. During the Roman-Byzant period, the city’s water need was met by some sources, shores and shores. During this period, it was focused on the creation of the cranberries. These open and closed bricks are also an art attachment. The most important of them is the Basilica Cistern. It is 140 x 170 m. When filled with water, it creates a volume of 80,000 m3. During the Ottoman era, the city’s water needs were greatly addressed. First of all, the existing facilities have been repaid; in addition to them, the new ones have been repaid in time by the houses, palaces, medreses, apartments, shadows, the water needed. For this purpose they built the bands in the proper places of the flowers and flowed the waters in these reservoirs through the bands (water path) to the city. The new ones were added to the previous Republican period. The old facilities have been repaid and some additions have been made. The new facilities include the Apple Bar, Alibeyköy Bar, Omerli Bar, Darlık Bar, Big Çekmece Bar, Greşilvadi Regulator, Düzdere, Kuzulu Dere, Big Dere Kazandere, Papuçdere Bar. Today, 1.5 million m3 of water is provided to Istanbul from the facilities built, including the Lake of the State. This is the need for water in Istanbul today. Also bigger projects (Melen Project etc.) The work is being done.