Özet:

Banking is based on very ancient dates in the world. Banking activities were carried out by people who we call creditors and bankers. Then they started to carry out these banking activities in churches. The first bank called "maket" in the Sumerians BC. It was established in 3500. The first modern bank was founded in Venice in 1587 under the name Banco di Rialto When we look at the Ottoman State, it is the Bank-ı Dersaadet-Istanbul Bank, which was founded in 1847 by two galata bankers. The first attempt in the banking history of the Republic of Turkey was founded after 1924 Izmir Economy Congress is Is Bankası. This bank still operates today the found a total of 47 banks operating in Turkey; there are 10,422 branches in total, of which 10352 are domestic and 70 are abroad. When the banking crises in the world are analyzed, it is observed that the crises experienced cause contractions in the developed and developing countries' economies. Since banks are a sector that provides funding for investments, the crisis in this sector causes delays in investments. In this study, the development of world banking history up to now, along with banking crises, the types of crises and macro and micro causes that cause the crisis have been examined. 

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